2000-01 Phase 1 Cultural Resources Investigation
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Phase I Cultural Resources Investigation
of the
Proposed Albert Villa Development
Wright County
Albertville, Minnesota
T120N R24W
N ~ of the NW 1f4 and NW 1f4 of the NE 1f4 of Section 11
and the SW 1f4 of Section 2
Prepared for:
Pinnacle Engineering, Inc.
11000 93rd Avenue North
Maple Grove, MN 55369
Prepared by:
Loucks & Associates, Inc.
7200 Hemlock Lane, Suite 300
Maple Grove, MN 55369
Project #99512
January, 2000
J!!~,2m
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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
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Pinnacle Engineering, Inc. is preparing an Environmental Assessment Worksheet for a proposed residential
development, Albert Villa, located near the town of Albertville, in Wright County, Minnesota. The project area is
located in T120N R24W, in the N 'h ofthe NW II. and NW Y. of the NE Y. of Section 11 and the SW Y. of Section 2.
The proposed project was reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Office pursuant to the Minnesota Historic
Sites Act and the Minnesota Field Archaeology Act and through the process outlined in Minnesota Rules
4410.1600. An archaeological survey of the area was recommended. The recommendation was based on the
probability that unreported archaeological properties may be present in the project area. In response, Pinnacle
Engineering, Inc. contracted with Loucks & Associates, Inc. to complete a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the
proposed project area.
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Survey Objectives
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Phase I survey objectives address specific concerns raised by the Government Programs & Compliance Officer for
the Minnesota Historical Society (SHPO ref.# 99-3564). These concerns include: 1) defining the developments
Area of Potential Effect (APE), 2) identify archaeological sites within the APE, 3) assess the impact of the Albert
Villa project activities on those sites and if necessary, 4) provide site management strategies to minimize the
projects impact on all identified cultural resources.
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Investigative Procedures
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The project area was investigated through a combination of documentary archival research, surface reconnaissance,
and subsurface testing. Survey began by reviewing Pinnacle Engineering, Inc. plans to identify the Area of
Potential Effect (APE). For archaeological purposes, the APE is generally defined as areas where ground-disturbing
activities will take place (Figure I).
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A background review of records, literature, and archaeological research relevant to the prehistory and early history
of the project area was conducted using:
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· Archaeological site and historic structure files of the State Historic Preservation Office and the Minnesota State
Archaeologist.
. Regional historic overviews and archaeological reports.
· Fur trade and ghost town site, historic trail, stage and military road survey reports.
· Andreas atlas, plat maps, original survey records and Trygg maps.
. Aerial photographs.
· Site specific reports, maps, photos and original field notes.
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Field reconnaissance was initiated to locate known cultural resources and any as yet unidentified cultural resources
within the APE. The fieldwork component included pedestrian surface reconnaissance and sub-surface shovel
testing. Pedestrian visual reconnaissance was conducted in all locations that exhibited sufficient surface visibility.
These locations included cultivated fields, rodent mounds, eroding ditch banks, tree falls and road cuts. Pedestrian
reconnaissance transect intervals were maintained at three to five meters. Surface visibility was good to excellent
across most of the project area.
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One shovel test was excavated and was 35-40 centimeters (cm) in diameter, and excavated to culturally sterile
subsoil. Sterile subsoil is defined as subsolum or C horizon and ranged in depth from 31cm to 50cm. All material
removed from the test was screened through 1/4 inch hardware cloth. Soil descriptions were recorded and the test
pit was immediately back-filled. Testing was not placed in areas with excessively steep slopes (> 15%), in mud or
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Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Albert Villa Development
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areas covered with standing water, or in areas that had obviously been totally altered by previous ground-disturbing
activities.
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Results and Recommendations
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One site area was identified and consisted of a scatter of I shatter, 4 flakes, 3 large mammal teeth, a burned
mammal bone, a modern button and 6 pieces of historic ceramic fragments. The spot is located in the NE \14 of the
NW ];. of the NW \14 of Section II in a cultivated field. To improve surface visibility, Loucks contracted with a
local farmer to plow the hilltop where the artifacts were recovered. The area was surface inspected once more and
no further archaeological materials were discovered. A shovel test was excavated on the hilltop in the area of the
artifact finds. The shovel test indicted the soil was disturbed into the C horizon. Fifteen soil probes were done
across the site and all indicated disturbed soils. No additional archaeological materials were found.
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The results of the investigation concluded that the site does not meet the criteria for nomination to the National
Register. With respect to cultural resource concerns, Loucks & Associates, Ine. recommends that the Albert Villa
residential development project be allowed to proceed, with the following qualifications:
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· Loucks & Associates, Inc. recommendations only apply to the project areas as defined in Figure L Alterations
to construction plans that involve earth-disturbing activities outside the current area of potential effect (APE)
will require additional survey.
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· Although no evidence of American Indian burial mounds were identified during the survey, burial mounds have
been identified in the greater vicinity of the project area. There remains some potential for burials without
surface evidence to be present within the project area. If it is suspected that human remains or a burial area is
encountered during construction, activity in the immediate area should cease, and local authorities (county
sheriff) and the Office of the State Archaeologist should be contacted immediately.
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Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Albert Villa Development
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................i
INTRODUCTION ..... ...... ....... ................... ........... ...... .... ....... ............. ....... ........... .............. .................. ..... .......1
Purpose of Investigation ... ....... ................... ......... ...... .... ..... .... ......................... .................. ..................... ....... ..1
Survey Objectives.................................................................................................................... ........................ 1
INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES .......... ... ..... ..... .... ....... ..... .............. ........ ..... ....... ....... ...... ..... ..... .................. ............1
RESEARCH CONTEXT ..... ........ ........... ...... ............. ............. .... ............. ..... ......... .... ... ................ ......................... .....2
Regional Environmental History.....................................................................................................................2
Historic and Thematic Contexts...................................................................................................................... 3
Previous Investigations ................................................................................................................................... 3
Known Cu Itural Resources.......................................................................................................................... ....4
PROJECT INVESTIGATIONS AND RESULTS .........................................................................................................4
RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY ................................................................................................................5
REFEREN CES CITED ................................................................................................................................. ...........7
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Artifact Catalog
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Figures (Follow Page 8)
No. Description
I. Albert Villa project area
2. Wetland locations
3. Location of Zachman Site with respect to other known archaeological sites in the general vicinity.
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Plates (Follow Figures)
No. Description
I. Looking northwest to the Vetch farm from Swamp Lake.
2. Looking southwest from high point adjacent to Swamp Lake.
3. General condition of County Ditch Number 9.
4. Tilling in the area of archaeological surface finds.
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Appendix
Archaeological Site Form
SHPO Letters
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INTRODUCTION
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Pinnacle Engineering, Inc. is preparing an Environmental Assessment Worksheet for a proposed residential
development located in Wright County, Minnesota. The project area, consisting of approximately 190 acres, is
located in T120N R24W, in the N Yz of the NW V. and NW I/" of the NE V. of Section 11, and the SW V. of Section 2
(Figure I). Nine wetlands, comprising 43.9 total acres, and ranging in size from 30 acres to 0.1 acre are located
across the property (Figure 2). The project area is located approximately one mile southwest of the City of
Albertville and one mile northwest of St. Michael. High voltage power lines form its western boundary, County
Road 118 forms the northeast boundary, and a drainage ditch forms the northern boundary. A fence line runs the
length of the southern boundary which abuts a new housing development to the south.
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Purpose of the Investi!!ation
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The Government Programs & Compliance Officer for the State Historic Preservation Office reviewed the proposed
project pursuant to the Minnesota Historic Sites Act and the Minnesota Field Archaeology Act and through the
process outlined in Minnesota Rules 4410.1600. It was recommended that an archaeological survey of the project
area be completed before development activities began (SHPO ref.# 99-3564). The recommendation was based on
the probability that unreported archaeological properties may be present in the project area. In response, Pinnacle
Engineering, Inc. contracted Loucks & Associates, Inc. to complete a Phase I Archaeological Survey of the
proposed project area. Loucks conducted the investigation during the months of August, September, and November
of 1999.
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Survey Objectives
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Phase I survey objectives address specific concerns raised by the Government Programs & Compliance Officer for
the Minnesota Historical Society. These concerns include: I) defining the developments Area of Potential Effect
(APE), 2) identify archaeological sites within the APE, 3) assess the impact of the Albert Villa project activities on
those sites and if necessary, 4) provide site management strategies to minimize the projects impact on all identified
cu Itural resources.
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INVESTIGA TION PROCEDURES
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The project area was investigated through a combination of documentary archival research, surface reconnaissance,
and subsurface testing. Survey began by reviewing Pinnacle Engineering, Inc. plans to identify the Area of
Potential Effect (APE). For archaeological purposes, the APE is generally defined as that area where ground-
disturbing activities are conducted (Figure 1).
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A background review of records, literature, and archaeological research relevant to the prehistory and early history
of the project area was conducted using:
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· Archaeological site and historic structure files of the State Historic Preservation Office and the Minnesota State
Archaeo logist.
· Regional historic overviews and archaeological reports.
· Fur trade and ghost town site, historic trail, stage and military road survey reports.
· Andreas atlas, plat maps, original survey records and Trygg maps.
. Aerial photographs.
· Site specific reports, maps, photos, and original field notes.
I
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Field reconnaissance was initiated to locate known cultural resources and any as yet unidentified cultural resources
within the APE. The fieldwork component included pedestrian surface reconnaissance and sub-surface shovel
testing. Pedestrian visual reconnaissance was conducted in all locations that exhibited sufficient surface visibility.
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Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Albert Villa Development
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Page 1
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These locations included cultivated fields, rodent mounds, eroding ditch banks, tree falls and road cuts. Pedestrian
reconnaissance transect intervals were maintained at three to five meters.
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One shovel test was excavated and was 35-40 centimeters (em) in diameter, and excavated to culturally sterile
subsoil. Sterile subsoil is defined as subsolum or C horizon and ranged in depth from 31cm to 50cm. All material
removed from the test was screened through 1/4 inch hardware cloth. Soil descriptions were recorded and the test
pit was immediately back-filled. Testing was not placed in areas with excessively steep slopes (>15%), in mud or
areas covered with standing water, or in areas that had obviously been totally altered by previous ground-disturbing
activities.
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RESEARCH CONTEXT
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The human and natural histories of an area are elements to be considered within any cultural resource investigation.
Reference to the known framework of human history can allow recognition of both expected and unusual cultural
sites and data. Of equal importance is the natural history through it's influence upon the region's past inhabitants,
and its effects on site formation processes and the archaeological record in the intervening years since a site was
abandoned.
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Re2:ional Environmental History
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Factors such as climate, physical geography and biological and geological characteristics of a landscape can
influence patterns of human activity to varying degrees. An understanding of a region's natural history can
therefore greatly enhance archaeological interpretation by providing indications about the past availability of local
resources, such as food resources (both plant and animal), water and sources of raw material for constructing
shelters or tools. The following discussion presents an overview of these considerations in reference to the project
area, with an emphasis on local environmental history from the end of the Pleistocene and throughout the Holocene
(i.e., from the time of initial human settlement ca. 10,000 years ago to the present).
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The landscape of the Owatonna physiographic region is dominated by glacial features associated with the advance
and wasting of the Des Moines ice lobe during the most recent glacial advance (Late Wisconsinan - ca. 35,000 to
10,000 years ago). The area was overridden by the Grantsburg sub lobe, a northeast trending offshoot of the larger
Des Moines lobe which reached its maximum extent in northwestern Wisconsin. Approximately 14,000 years ago,
the glacial ice began to waste, producing enormous volumes of meltwater. One of the channels incised by the
glacial meltwaters today contains the Crow River. The legacy of this and earlier glacial episodes is reflected in the
clayey mantled moraines and ice disintegration features which characterize the local terrain (AES 1975; Wright
1 972a). As a result of the area's glacial history, lithic raw materials suitable for the manufacture of stone tools
likely would be available only from sources within the glacial till.
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Dramatic changes in the regional environment have occurred throughout its postglacial history. A periglacial
parkland of spruce and larch closely followed the retreat of the Wisconsin glaciers and their periphery of tundra
vegetation. By 11,500 years ago, rapid climatic change had resulted in the disappearance of the spruce forest from
the state of Minnesota. It was succeeded by pine forest by 10,000 years ago then by a deciduous forest comprised
primarily of oak and elm. The warming and drying trend of the early to middle Holocene peaked at about 7,000 to
6,000 years ago, at which time the prairie and a bordering strip of deciduous woodland had expanded to 75 miles
north and east of their historic limits, covering the project area. Accompanying these climatic and vegetational
trends were an increase in the frequency of prairie fires and a dramatic decline of the water table, causing many
small lakes to dry up completely (Wright 1 972b; 1974).
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More specific environmental data is available for the project vicinity from the middle Holocene to the present
through pollen analyses of samples from Wolsfield Lake and Wolsfield Woods Marsh in adjacent Hennepin County
(Grimm 1981, 1983). Those investigations suggest that woodland existed throughout the Holocene in the
northeastern Big Woods, including the project area. This is perhaps best accounted for through local infrequency of
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fire due to rolling topography, and numerous deep lakes which would have retained water even during the warmer
and drier middle Holocene. Perhaps most significant is the project area's location north of a major firebreak
provided by the Crow River. Local vegetation consisted of woodland and prairie in approximately equal parts from
6,330 to 3,810 years ago, and was succeeded by oak-dominated woodland from 3,810 to 280 years ago. The onset
of cooler and wetter climatic conditions aided development of the true Big Woods forest, dominated by elm, maple,
and basswood, from 280 to 95 years ago. The effects of Euroamerican clearance and settlement are then seen,
extending to the present day (Grimm 1981).
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While the uplands and abundant lakes of the varied Big Woods, prairie fringe, and prairie wetland environmental
zones contained highly diversified plant communities, they also supported an abundant variety of faunal species. At
the time of Euro-American settlement, the forest areas supported species such as white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbit,
woodchuck, raccoon and bear. The prairie fringe to the west of the project area would have sustained large
mammals such as bison and elk, as well as numerous smaller species. The rivers, lakes, sloughs and marshes
contained muskrat and beaver, numerous types of waterfowl, and many species offish and turtle (Anfinson 1990).
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Historic and Thematic Contexts
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Frameworks for cultural resource studies are provided by historic and thematic contexts developed by each state's
State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), as mandated by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. These
frameworks establish connections between patterns of state history and resources encountered. They are organized
into three tiers according to the geographical and thematic scope of the context. The Precontact Period (9,500 B.C.
to A.D. 1650), the Contact Period (1650 to 1837) and the Post Contact Period (1837 to 1945). Historic contexts are
generally defined through temporal and geographic boundaries while thematic contexts refer to general property
types. Such contexts are intended to incorporate new data resulting from ongoing cultural resource investigations;
they are essentially works in progress.
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The Minnesota Precontact Period contexts considered most relevant to the project area are the Paleoindian (9500BC
- 6000BC), Archaic (6000BC - 500BC), and Woodland (500BC - AD1650) Traditions. For the Contact Period
(1650 - 1837), the most relevant contexts include the Native American Eastern Dakota and Ojibwe and the Euro-
American French, British, and Initial United States Presence. Post Contact Period contexts include St. Croix
Triangle Lumbering (1830s - 1900s), Early Agricu Iture and River Settlement (1840 - 1870) and Railroads and
Agricultural Development (1870 - 1940).
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Previous Investil!:ations
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Archaeological analysis of sites in the Central Lakes Deciduous South Region indicate that the region has been
inhabited continuously from the Paleo indian Period, through the Archaic, Woodland, and European Contact
Periods, through the present day (Anfinson 1974:63). The earliest archaeological investigations within Wright
County began in the late 19th century when Theodore H. Lewis and Alfred Hill of the Northwestern Archaeological
Survey identified numerous American Indian burial mounds throughout central Minnesota. In Aborigines of
Minnesota (1911), Newton H. Winchell synthesized his own research, as well as the work of Hill, and Lewis.
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The current project area has not previously been the subject of an archaeological investigation. A culture-historical
framework can be inferred by reference to previous surveys within Wright County and the greater Big Woods area,
however. Starting with the Northwest Archaeological Survey a century ago, numerous American Indian burial
mounds have been recorded in prominent locations near lakes and rivers. Prehistoric earthworks are known to be
prevalent along the Crow River in particular (Winchell 1911). To date no known mounds are located within 1 mile
of the project area. Later research by the University of Minnesota and through Cultural Resource Management
Investigations have documented human habitation in the Big Woods area spanning the last 10,000 years, and can be
described within the frameworks of Johnson (1988) and Mason (1981). These sites range from find spots of
Paleoindian spearpoints, to Archaic and Woodland Tradition habitation sites (e.g. Mather and Nunnally 1995:30-34;
Mather et al. 1994; Olmanson et al. 1994; BR W, Inc. 1994). These investigations indicate that the current project
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area has potential for the presence of American Indian habitation or cemetery sites, primarily due to its setting near
Swamp Lake.
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Although Europeans had visited the general study area since the late 17'h century, contact between the resident
Dakota and Euroamericans probably first became frequent after the establishment of the military post at Fort
Snelling in the early IS20s. Euroamerican settlement of Wright County began almost immediately following the
treaty of IS51, stimulated by reports of good farm land and the economic value of the big Woods timber. Wright
County was officially organized by a legislative act in IS55. Initial settlement centered around Monticello on the
Mississippi River. Due to its central location within the county, however, Buffalo later succeeded Monticello as the
county seat. Following the clearing of large tracts of the Big Woods forest, agriculture became the primary
economic focus of the area. During the late nineteenth century, wheat and other small grains were profitably grown
in Wright County, with dairy gaining importance after the turn of the century (Farnham 1976; Andreas IS74; Abel
and Peterson 1996; Mather et al. 1994).
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Known Cultural Resources
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The archaeological site files ofthe Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office list eight sites within the vicinity of
the project area (Figure 3).
1
. 21 Wr 0065
. 21 Wr 0075
. 21 Wr 0080
. 21 Wr 0095
. 21 Wr 0098
. 21 Wr 0102
. 21Wr0112
unevaluated lithic scatter IS 4536S0E, 500S290N
unevaluated lithic scatter & prehistoric ceramics 15449140E, 50059610N
unevaluated isolated find, biface 15446270E, 5009610N
unevaluated lithic scatter (SRC flake & core, KRF scraper) 15 444120E, 5003530N
unevaluated lithic scatter includes 2 projectile points. Q madison triangular, late woodland;
PDC Stueben expanded, early to mid woodland. 15 4461S0E, 5002110 N
unevaluated lithic scatter (Q, RRC, SRC & burlington) 15 444700E, 501040N
unevaluated lithic scatter 15 453100E, 50078S0N
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PROJECT INVESTIGATIONS AND RESULTS
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Approximately 23% (43 acres) of the project area is wetland and required no testing (Figure 2). The potential for
intact soils was low in some portions of the APE where scraping and ditch cuts occurred, particularly in and around
the area of Ditch Number 9 (see Figure 1 and Plate 3). The remaining approximately 140 acres were primarily
agricultural consisting of one farmstead, in the northern end of the project area, and cropland across the remaining
tracts. The farmstead was in disrepair and had recently been sold through auction. Several of the out buildings had
been dismantled. Neither the farmstead as a whole nor any of the individual buildings appeared to maintain
integrity to recommend them for further investigation.
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Surface visibility for most of the cropland was good to excellent (Plates 1 and 2). The survey was carried out over a
2-month period to plan around the times when harvesting of the various corn and bean fields had been completed.
Pedestrian survey intervals were maintained at 3-5 meters.
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Loucks contracted with a local farmer, Doug Zachman, to till the hilltop of a cultivated small grain field area of the
project that had only fair visibility (Plate 4). This area is located in the NE V. of the NW V. of the NW V. of Section
11. Prior to the tilling, an initial walkover of the area identified surface finds consisting of 1 shatter, 4 flakes, 3
large mammal teeth, a burned mammal bone, a modern button and 6 pieces of historic ceramic fragments. This was
referred to as Field Site 1 or the Zachman site (Figure I). Visibility was excellent when the tilling was completed.
No further artifacts were found. Two lower rises adjacent to the hilltop were also tilled. Surface reconnaissance
discovered no further artifacts. No artifacts or features were found in the shovel test that was placed in the central
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area of the surface finds. Shovel Test #1 consisted ofO-31cm plowzone of mixed clayey silt, and 31-50cm of silty
clay. The shovel test indicted the soil was disturbed into the C horizon. Fifteen soil probes were done across the site
and all indicated disturbed soils. No additional archaeological materials were found.
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Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Albert Villa Development
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Artifact
Catalog
Zachman Site
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Surface # I Lithic Tertiary flake Swan River Chert
Surface #2 Lithic Shatter Swan River Chert? Heat treated
Surface #3 Lithic Secondary flake Swan River Chert? Heat treated
Surface #4 Lithic Bifacially worked Quartz
Surface #5 Lithic Tertiary flake Quartz
Surface #6 General Historic ceramic Whiteware fragment Plain
Surface #7 General Historic ceramic Whiteware fragment Blue
transferprint
Surface #8 General Historic ceramic Whiteware fragment Flow blue
transferprint
Surface #9 General Historic ceramic Stoneware fragment Plain
Surface #10 General Historic ceramic Stoneware fragment Plain
Surface #11 General Historic glass Milk-glass fragment
Surface #12 General Historic clothing Clothing button Four hole
Surface # 13 General Tooth Cow Molar
Surface # 14 General Tooth Cow Molar
Surface # 15 General Tooth Cow Molar
Surface # 16 General Bone Mammal Unknown Burned
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RECOMMENDA nONS AND SUMMARY
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As proposed, approximately 140.acres of the 190 acre parcel will be affected through development activities.
For archaeological purposes, the projects Area of Potential Effect (APE) is defined as that area where ground
disturbing activities such as grading, excavating and removal, are to be conducted (Figure 1). The
archaeological survey was performed and completed in the fall months of 1999.
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The project area was surveyed through a combination of documentary archival research, surface
reconnaissance and subsurface testing. Surface reconnaissance resulted in the discovery of a previously
unknown archaeological property (the Zachman Site). Subsurface investigation revealed disturbed soils
across the area of the site. Loucks & Associates Inc. therefore recommend that the proposed residential
development be allowed to proceed with the following qualifications:
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I) Throughout the proposed development project study area, archaeological field testing was
performed only within the Area of Potential Effect as defined in Figure 1. If it becomes necessary to expand
the APE beyond these limits, additional archaeological testing may be required.
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2) Although no other evidence of archaeological sites were identified during the survey,
archaeological sites have been identified in the greater vicinity of the project area. There remains some
potential for sites without surface evidence to be present within the project area. If it is suspected that human
remains or a burial area is encountered during mining operations, activity in the immediate area must cease
and the Wright County Sheriffs Office, the State Archaeologist and the Minnesota Indian Affairs Council
should be contacted for further assistance. Minnesota Statutes Chapter 307.08 prohibits the intentional
disturbance of human burials.
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REFERENCES CITED
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Abel, E. 1. and R.J. Peterson
1986 Phase I Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for Expansion of the City of Buffalo Wasterwater
Treatment Facility, Marysville Township, Wright County, Minnesota. Loucks Project Report 96515.
Loucks & Associates, Inc., Maple Grove, MN.
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Agricultural Experiment Station (AES)
1979 Minnesota Soils Atlas: St. Cloud Sheet. Miscellaneous Report 159, Agricultural Experiment Station,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul.
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Andreas, AT
1874 An lllustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Minnesota. A.T. Andreas Publishing Company, Chicago
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Anfinson, Scott, and RE. Wright
1990 Climatic Change and Culture in Prehistoric Minnesota. The woodland Tradition in the Western Great
Lakes: Papers Presented to Elden Johnson, edited by Guy Gibbon, pp 213-232. University of Minnesota,
Publications in Anthropology NO.4.
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BRW, Inc.
1994 Geoarchaeological Data Recovery, East Terrace Site (21 BN6) and Gardner Site (21 SNI4), Benton and
Stearns Counties, Minnesota. BRW, Inc., Minneapolis. Report submitted to the Minnesota Department of
Transportation, St. Paul.
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Farnham, D.R.
1976 D.R. Farnham's History of Wright County. Originally published in 1880. Wright County Historical
Society, Delano.
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Grimm, E.C.
1981 An Ecological and Paleoecological Study of the Vegetation in the Big Woods Region of Minnesota
Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
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1983
Chronology and Dynamics of Vegetation Change in the Prairie-Woodland Region of Southern Minnesota
U.S.A.. New Phytologist 93:311-350
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Johnson, E.
1988 The Prehistoric Peoples of Minnesota, revised third edition. Minnesota Prehistoric Archaeology Series No.
3. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
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Mason, R.
1981 Great Lakes Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.
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Mather, D. and P. Nunnally
1994 Final Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report: MnlDOT S. P. 2713 & 8602, Alternate Corridors
for Reconstruction ofT.H. 12 from Wayzata to Montrose, Hennepin and Wright Counties. Trunk Highway
Cultural Resources Program Report 95-1. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
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1995 Phase I Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report: MnlDOT S. P. 8601-42, for Upgrading T.H.
12 from County Road 110 West of Montrose to Delano, Wright County. Trunk Highway Cultural
Resources Program Report 94-28. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
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Olamson, T. and D. Mather, with contributions by K. Gragg and L. Schuster
1994 Final Report of Data Recovery Investigations at the Washington Creek Site, 21 ME 14, An American
Indian Habitation Site on the Big Woods - Prairie Border in Meeker County Minnesota. Washington Creek
Site Archaeological Data Recovery Project, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
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Trygg, I.W.
1969 Composite Maps of United States Land Surveyors Original Plats and Field Notes. Sheet 8 Minnesota
Series.
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Winchell, Newton H.
1911 The Aborigines of Minnesota, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota.
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Wright, Herbert E. lr.
1972a Physiography of Minnesota. In Geology of Minnesota: A Centennial Volume
Edited by P.K. Sims and G.B. Morey, pp. 559-580. Minnesota Geological Society, St. Paul.
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1972b Quaternary History of Minnesota. In Geology of Minnesota: A Centennial Volume
Edited by P.K. Sims and G.B. Morey, pp. 515-547. Minnesota Geological Society, St. Paul.
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1974 The Environment of Early Man in the Great Lakes Region. In Aspects of Upper Great Lakes
Anthropology: Papers in Honor of Lloyd A. Wilford, edited by E. Johnson, pp. 8-]4. Minnesota
Prehistoric Archaeology Series No. II. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
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Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Albert Villa Development
Loucks & Associates, Inc.
Page 9
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FIGURE 1
Albert Villa Project Area
Loucks Project # 995] 2
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Me Map.:lt. MIdw:L MINN, 7 Jj Mlnutf> Serle:;, Us(,s, 19a1
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Watland Area NolttI of Dit~'h
1'1 a2.1 i A,.(eN;
Weiland Area South of DItch
, ~
H. 8.26 Acres
Weltand Ar. of Itch
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-~<~&
B Pinnacle
"Engineering
..p.....J'...n......"... i:l C leE.. n. i" 'J'n eenng....lllI.:. ~......C2.....
11000 93rd Avenue l'f urth . >
Maple GlOvo, MN 55369 J
Phone: (612) 315-4501. .'
Fax: (612) 315-4507
en
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Figure 2
Wetland Locations
KC Land Company Development
AlbenvilIe, Minnes(l[l
Date:
lanll4.l)' S,
Prepared By:
S 1b.elcll
Seale:
1 - 24.000
R~"I.wc:d lIy:
!. lIansell
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Figure 3. Location ofthe Zachman site with respect to other known archaeological
sites in the general vicinity.
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Plate 1. Looking northwest to the Vetch Farm
from Swamp Lake.
Plate 2. Looking southwest from high point
adjacent to Swamp Lake.
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Plate 3. General condition of County Ditch
Number 9.
Plate 4. Tilling in the area of archaeological
surface finds.
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Appendix
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Rev.033197
MINNESOTA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORM
OFFICE OF THE STATE ARCHAEOLOGIST
Fort Snclling History Center, St. Paul, MN 55111 (612) 725-2411
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
345 Kellogg Boulevard W., St. Paul, MN 55102 (612) 296-5434
OSA License #: not required (lu-ivlIte properlY)
SHPO RC #: 99-3564
Date(s) of Fieldwork: August -October, 1999
X New Site
_ Site Update
SITE #: Pending
Site Name: Zachman
Field #:99512-A
LOCA TIONAL INFORMATION (attach USGS topographic quad and sketch map with site location outlined)
County: Wright
City/Twp. Name: Frankfort Twp.
SHPO Region: 4s (Central Lakes Deciduous South)
USGS 7.5' Quadrangle Map (name andyear): St. Michael (1981)
Township: 120 N
Township: 120 N
Township:
Range: 24 W
Range: 24 W
Range:
Section: 11
Section: 2
Section:
1/4 Sections (at least 2): NE 1/4 of NW 1/4 of NW 1/4
1/4 Sections (at least 2): SE 1/4 of SW 1/4 of SW 1/4
1/4 Sections (at least 2):
UTM Site Coordinates (use 1927 datum; identifY center point only):
Zone 15 Easting 446544 N0l1hing 50 7 900
Other locational information: From St. Michael: North on 1 mile, left (west) on approx 1/2 mile, left (south) on field
access road on west side of Wright Co. Ditch # 9. Site is on private property and so is access to it.
SITE CHARACTERISTICS
Acreage: approx. 2.4 acres
Features (check all that apply):
describe:
Site Dimensions (both horizontal and vertical/depth, in metric): 150m x 65m
earthwork _ depression foundation other X none
Site Description (check all that apply and describe):
single artifact K artifact scatter
structural ruin _ rock alignment
standing structure (SHPO structure # ifknown):
describe: Site consists of surface finds on a small knoll in plowed field.
-X lithic scatter
rock art
earthwork/mound
_ cemetery/burial
_other:
Inferred Site Function (must specify): Prehistoric lithic reduction mixed with historic litter.
Current Land Use (check all that apply):
X cultivated woodland
K fallow recreational
_ grassland road
commercial
industrial
residential
unknown
other:
Surface Visibility
excellent
_ good
X fair
_ poor
none
Degree of Disturbance (x and describe):
minimal _moderate X heavy
describe disturbance type(J): Area has been cultivated since c.a. 1850's.
_ destroyed
un assessed
Current Threats to Site:
erosIOn X development X agricultural
none known
other:
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Rev__ 03.31.97
MINNESOTA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORM
page 2
SITE #:
Site Name: Zachman
Field #: 995I2-A
CUL TURALffEMPORAL AFFILlA nON
(check all that apply; include level of certainty: 1 = confirmed; 2 = probable):
Period:
indeterminate
! Pre-Contact (9500 BC - 1650 AD)
_ Contact (1650-1837)
l Post-Contact (1837-1945)
Pre-Contact Context: (ifunable to discern specific context, x here X)
Paleo Indian Tradition indetenninate Folsom
Clovis Eastern Fluted
Archaic Tradition indeterminate Prairie
Shield Lake-Forest
Woodland Tradition indeterm inate Fox Lake
Early Transitional
Brainerd Kathio
Black Duck Havana Related
Plains Village indeterm inate Cambria
Great Oasis Big Stone
Mississippian Tradition indetenn inate Silvernale
Oneota Tradition indeterm inate Blue Earth Orr
Contact Context: (if unable to discern specific context, x here ~ )
American Indian indetenninate Eastern Dakota
_ Ojibwe Western Dakota
EuroA merican
indeterm inate
French
British
Initial US
Lanceolate Point
other:
Riverine
other:
Laurel
Lake Benton
Psinomani/Sandy Lake
Southeastern MN Late
other:
other:
other:
other:
other:
other:
Post-Contact Context: (if unable to discern specific context, x here _)
_ Indian Communities & Reservations (1837-1934) St. Croix Triangle Lumbering (1830s-1900s)
~ Early Agriculture & River Settlement (1840-1870) Railroads & Agricultural Development (1870-1940)
_ Northern MN Lumbering (1870-]930s) Iron Ore Industry (1880s-1945)
_ Tourism & Recreation (1870-1945) Urban Centers (1870-1940)
Dating Methods (check all that apply).'
~ artifact style/cross dating radiocarbon
_ Sanborn maps (list years):
_ other(s) (specifY):
historic accounts _ Andreas atlas (1874)
plat maps (list years):
Specify context dates (jf radiometric, cite lab no. and uncalib. date; note if AMS):
MATERIALS PRESENT
Material Classes (check all that apply):
Ceramics Lithics Biolozical Remains Other Materials
Aboriginal _ projectile points X animal X glass
X EuroAmerican other flaked stone tools human metal
~ debitage unidentified bone FCR
_ ground/pecked stone floral other:
Additional infonnation (e.g., temper, charcoal type, raw material, etc.): Swan River Chert and Quartz lithic materials.
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Rev., 03.31.97
MINNESOTA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORM
page 3
SITE #:
Site Name: Zachman
Field #: 99512-A
Major Exotic Materials (i.e., "exotic" relative to local area; x all that appl)1:
catlinite I native copper Hixton orthoquartzite
Knife River Flint obsidian other:
Diagnostic Type/Information (e.g., Brainerd ceramics, machine-cut nails; describe decoration,jimction, manufacturer, etc.):
Ceramic Plain, blue transferprint and flow-blue transferprint white ware fral!:ments.
Lithic
Glass White milkl!:lass bottle fral!:ment.
Metal
Other Cow molars.
Additional information: No diagnostic lithic artifacts were recovered. There are no features in the immediate area to
associate the historic debris with. They are dispersed throughout the field, probably scattered via manure spreader.
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
Major Drainage System
Cedar River
X Mississippi River (N of MN River)
_ Mississippi River (S ofMN Rive/)
Des Moines River
Red River
Missouri River
Lake Superior
Rainy River
St. Croix River
_Minnesota River
Watershed Index Map no. (MnDNR, Division of Waters, 1990): 18 (North fork of the Crow River).
Distance to Existing Water Source (per USGS topographic map, infeet or miles): Wright County Ditch No.9 is 600 feet to the
south. The #9 ditch eventually empties into the Crow River just south of St. Micheal, Mn.
Ancient/Former Water Feature (name, type and distance to such feature): Mississippi river channel is approx. 6 miles east of
of the site.
Topographic Setting (check all that apply):
Uoland
general upland
_ bluff edge
X hilltop
_ glacial beach ridge
wetland
other:
Riverine
alluvial fan
Lacustrine
inlet/outlet
peninsula
island
isthmus
shoreline
other:
terrace
stream-stream junction
bluff-base
cave/rockshelter
other:
HISTORIC SITES ONLY:
Historic setting:
X rural
urban
other:
Type(s):
industrial _commercial_domestic _ government
X other: agricultural
Historic transportation route (e.g., road waterway, rail); identijj! type, direction & distance:
OWNERSHIP INFORMATION
Ownership Type (check all that appl)):
federal state local
tribal
X private
unknown
Land Owner (name and address):. Doug and Eugene Zachman, 9663 Jason Ave. NE, Albertville, Mn.
Significant historic owner(s) and period(s) of ownership, ifknown:
Year and Source of Ownership Information (e.g., plat map, recorder's office, etc.):
Rev.. 03.31.97
MINNESOTA ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORM
page 4
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SITE#:
Site Name: Zachman
Field #: 99512-A
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INVESTIGATOR/REPORTER INFORMATION
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Type(s) of Investigation (check all that apply):
X reconnaissance evaluation _ data recovery other:
Methods/techniques employed (check gjl that apply):
~ informant report small diameter soil coring L" diameter)
X surface survey geomorphological survey (~pecify):
~ shovel testing geophysical survey (~pecifj}):
excavation units other(s):
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Informant Name and Address: Douglas & Eugene Zachman, 9663 Jason Ave. NE, AlbervilIe, Mn.
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Arti fact Repository (name and accession nos.).. Private ownership.
Report Citation: Major Bibliographic Reference(s) to Site:
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Principal Investigator (name and affiliation):
Teresa Halloran-Martin
Loucks & Associates, Inc.
7200 Hemlock Lane, Suite 300
Maple Grove, Mn. 55369-5592
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ADDITIONAL NOTES (use space below or attach extra sheets, as needed)
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MAPS (attach USGS topographic quad and sketch map with site local/on outlined)
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Form Completed by (name and date): Joe McFarlane September 3rd, 1999
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,:;>,'
PINNACLE ENGINEERING
6123154507 P.05/05
AUG-23-1999 14:21
11
\'11' \ E~l/ r\ 111.';'11 ll\lf \ I. ;'-111.1 E'n
ST...~ HISTORIC ~SERV"'TION Of'F1CE
Augllt'13,1999
Mr, Pete Certson
City Clf A1bwvllle
5975 Meln Avenue NE
Albertville. MN 5S301
RE: EAW. KC Lal"ld Cofnpeny Development (Albert VjDe~
A1bertll~le, Wrighl CQUnty
SHPO Number: S9.35&4
Dear Mr. Car1&Ot'1:
Th;nk you fOf pro't'iding this office with I! copy or the Environmental Assessment Work,hoot far
~ ebovl-rererenced proJect. It Mas been revIewed pursuenllo responslbllilies gillerl lo the
Minnesota HiSlorical Society by Ihe Minnesota Historic SlIes Act and lhe Minnesota Field
Archaeology Atl ar\d It'Irough thll pr0ce5s oullined In Minnesota Rules 4410.11500,
The r81pOl'lee to Question 2Ga may be premature. $il'lce we believe tnet there il ., good probability
thet unreC)orled archaeological properties may be pretel'lt in the project erea. Thereforo. wO
recommend that 81urvey of the area be completed. The survey must melt the requirtrntnta of
the Secretary of Ihe Interior's Slandards for Identification and Evaluallon. and $hould InClude an
evaluation Of Nelionl!ll Reglsler eligibility for any propertIes Which are Identlfled. For your
information, we have enclosed a list of cOn$ultants who have expressed an inter.slln undertaking
such survey$.
If 11'1., project area ean be documented alii previously d/slurtl8d or prellioualy ~urveyed. we will re-
......Iual. tho need for survey. Previou,'y dlslurbed areas Clre these where the nltfurany occurring
poat-glaclal lolls and eedimeflts have been recenlly remolled, Any pre....ious survey work muat
meet contemporary 1,."d3rdS.
Plesse note that this COmmenlletler (loes not addrul Iho requirements of Soction 10S ofthe
Nellooll Historic Preservalion Act of 1966 Bnd 36CF~BOO, procedures of t/'le Adviaory Council on
HI~torlc F'renrvallon for the protecllon or hIstoric properties. If this project Is considered for
flK1ltfal nefell!lnce, or re~uires B federellicense or permll. It snoulCl be submitted to ovr ot\'ico with
reference to ltua IIppropr/ala federcl agoncy. Tl'1i! review WOUld r~quire thaI we eVl'lIU!ltB anv
buildings currenl1y located on tho properly.
If you hive any Que'lions on our review of thiS project, plellae contact me at (661 )296-5462.
Sincerely,
~~~!.j)to~~
Governmont Program. s"d Compliance Officer
Enclosure: List of Con5ull.nls
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NDV-29-1999 15:25
PINNACLE ENGINEERING
11,
.""
6123154507 P.02/02
MINNESOTA HiSTORICAL SOCIETY
November 17.1999
Mr. Scott Thelen
Pinnacle Engineering, Inc.
11000 93rd Ave. N
Maple Grove. MN 55369
Re: EAW - Albert Villas
. ''5083-5897 ;J"as"on-Avenue~<. . .-- .."
Albertville;'Wright Coun'ty'
SHPO Number: 1999-3564
.-.......... .----_.... .. _ _..:. __r.._ .
: ;.
Dear Mr. Thelen:
Thank you for your letter regarding the above referenced project.
You forwarded a letter report from Joseph McFarlane of Loucks and Associates. The
letter summarizes the archaeological investigations completed by Loucks as of 3
September 1999. No sites had been identified in a substantial portion of the site. One
site has been located and needs further work to determine if an evaluation is necessary.
One other area of the site had not been surveyed at the time of the letter.
We look forward to receiving the report of the completed survey, which should address
the site area as well as the area that was not surveyed as of 3 September 1999.
Contact us at 651-296-5462 with questions or concerns.
Sincerely I
Dennis A. Gimmestad
Govemment Programs & Compliance Officer
cc: Joseph McFarlane, Loucks
Pete Carlson, City of Albertville
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