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2007-05-05 Memorandum in OppositionMAY-05-2007 09:12 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 001/043 F-796 JOHNSON, LARSON, PETERSON & MATT, P.A. ATTORNrVS AT LAW 908 COMMERCIAL DRIVE BUFFALO, MINNESOTA S5313 rRLAeaONK: (763) 6824550 -- FAX: (763) 6824465 --- rm.i. FREE: (866) 682-4550 WEB: www.ilmulaw.mnl JAN C. LARSONf OF COUNSEL JOHN T. PETERSON j THOMAS W. RICHARDSw CINDI S. MATT" THOMAS W. SPENCE• 13i(y: /:� a O[o I n RXITIRIOW 'IReal Prapero, Lmv Spedu&vt Certtfted by Mtnnesatu State BurAsroctatton - Qualified Neutral WAVERLY OFFICE Ily Appointment Only WALTER S. JOHNSON 1972-2002 FACSIMILE MESSAGE DATE: May 5 2007 THIS MESSAGE IS FOR THE ATTENTION OF: Jason I-uboushek, Esq. FAX NUMBER OF RECIPIENT: (952) 946-1501 THIS MESSAGE IS FROM: Cindi S. Matt THIS MESSAGE INCLUDES THIS COVER SHEET AND IfORADDITIONAL PAGE. IF YOU RECEIVE LESS THAN THIS, PLEASE CONTACT US AT: (763) 682-4550 MESSAGE: See Attached RE: Prairie Run Litigation Court File Nos. 86-CV-06-2998/86-CV-06-4997 CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: The documcnt(s) accompanying this fax contain confidential information which is legally privileged. The information is intended only for the use of the intended recipient named above. if you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any disclosure, copying, distribution, or the taking of any action in reliance on the contents of this telecopied information except its direct delivery to the intended recipient named above is strictly prohibited. It you have received this fax in error, please notify us immediately by telephone to arrange for the return of the original documents to us. N1AY-05-2007 09:12 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 002/043 F-796 JOHNSON, LARSON, PETERSON & MATT, P.A. ATTORNEYS A I'L.AW 908 CONINIERCIAL DRIVE BUFFALO, NIMNESOTA S,313 TELEPHONIC: (763) 682.4550 -- FAx: (763) 682.4465 -- rOLL raEE: (860) 6824550 WEB: www.i lnmlaw.enm JAN C. LARSON'h OF COUNSEL JOHN T. PETERSONt THOMAS W. RICHARDSw CINDI S. MATTw THOMAS W. SPENCE MICHAEL G. HALVORSON WAVF.RI_V OFFICC By Appointment Only I Real Property Law Specialist Certified by Minnesota State Bar Association • Qualified Neutral May 5, 2007 WALTER S. JOHNSON 1912-2002 Mr. Jason J. Kuboushek Iverson Reuvers 9321 Ensign Avenue South Bloomington, MN 55438 VIAFACSIAHLEAND U.S. MAIL RE: Prairie Run Litigation Court File Nos. 86-CV-06-2998/86-CV-06-4997 Dear Mr. Kuboushekc: Enclosed herein and served upon you by Facsimile and by U.S. Mail, please find Gold Key's Memorandum in Opposition to the City of Albertville's Motion for Summary Judgment and Affidavit of Cindi S. Matt. Thank you. Sincerely, Cindi S. Matt CSM/jal enclosures cc: Steve Yoch, Esq. (w/enclosures) John Marken, Esq. (w/enclosures) Anton van der Merwe, Esq. (wlenclosures) Dean Johnson (wlenclosures) N1AY-05-2007 09:12 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 003/043 F-796 JOHNSON, LARSON, PETERSON & MATT, P.A. ATTORNEYS AT LAW 908 CONINIERCIAL DRIVE BUFFALO, MINNESOTA 55313 TELEPHONE: (763) 682-4550 -- PAY: (763) 6824465 -- TOLL FREE: (866) 682-45511 WEB: www.ilnmlaw.cnm JAN C. LARSON 'i OF COUNSEL. JOHN T. PETERSONt THOMAS W. RICHARDS* C(NDI S. MATT* THOMAS W. SPENCE MICHAEL G. HALVORSON WAVERLY OFFICE By Appoinunenr Only 'IReal Property Lmv Specialist Certified by Minnesota Stare Bar Association `Qualified Neurral May 5, 2007 Jolut A. Marken, Esq. Coleman, Hull & Van Wet, PLLP 8500 Nonuandale Lake Boulevard Suite 2110 Minneapolis, MN 55437 WALTER S. JOHNSON 1912-2002 ILIA FACSIMILE'AND U.S. MAIL RE: Prairie Run Litigation Court File Nos. CV-06-2998 and CV-06-4997 Dear Mr. Markert: Enclosed herein and served upon you by facsimile and U.S. Mail please find Gold Key's Memorandum in Opposition to Short-Elliott-l-lendrickson's Motion for Summary Judgment and Affidavit of Cindi S. Matt. Thank you. Sincerely, Cindi S. Matt CSMljal enclosures cc: Steve Yoch (wlenclosures) Anton van der Merwe (wlenclosures) Jason Kuboushek (wlenclosures) Dean Johnson (wlenclosures) N1AY-05-2007 09:12 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 004/043 F-796 STATE- OF MINNESOTA DISTRICT COURT COUNTY OF WRIGHT TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT CASE TYPE: Declaratory Judgment/Breach of Contract Court File No. 86-CV-06-2998 Gold Key Development, Inc., a ivunnesora corporuuuu, Plaintiff, vs. City of Albertville, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, vs. Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc., Third Party Defendant. T/C Homes, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, Court File No. 86-06-CV-4997 Plaintiff, vs. GOLD KEY'S MEMORANDUM Gold Key Development, Inc., a Minnesota corporation IN OPPOSITION TO THE CITY OF ALBERTVILLE'S MOTION Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT VS. Hedlund Lngineering, Third Party Defendant, vs. City of Albertville, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, vs. Short Elliott Hendrickson. Inc. Third Party Defendant_ N1AY-05-2007 09:12 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 005/043 F-796 The City completely fails to meet its burden for summary judgment as to Gold Key. The City offers no factual support for its assertion that Gold Key has breached the Development Agreement, no expert engineering support that Prairie Run does not comply with the Development Agreement and pertinent ordinances, and no controlling legal authority that supports it position on the issues. The City tries to paint itself as the good guy, just looking out for health, safety and welfare of the homeowners in the City of Albertville. The City does not mention that the basis for its decision to declare a moratorium in Prairie Run stems from photographs of the June 2003 Flood event, that the City Zoning Administrator himself took, and which the City had in its possession prior to preliminary plat approval and throughout the plat approval process, but which the City failed to share with Gold Key or Hedlund Engineering. If the City were the good guy it paints itself out to be, it should have taken steps to protect future homeowners by sharing the photographs that it now claims are so critical, and which are the basis for the moratorium, with Gold Key or Hedlund prior to the time the City approved the plat. In the words of City Administrator Larry Kruse: A. Ultimately we have to look at those homeowners and make sure that they're protected from a 100-year event. Q. Wouldn't the time to have done that be before the city approved the plat? A. Definitely. (Kruse Depo at 101). For the reasons set forth herein, the City's motion for summary judgment must be denied. 2 MAY-05-2007 09:12 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 006/043 F-796 ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS RELIED UPON L Affidavit of Cindi S. Matt Opposing SEH's and the City's Motions for Summary Judgment, and the following exhibits: A. a true and correct copy of the deposition transcript of Alan Brixius ("Brixius Depo.") B. a true and correct copy of the deposition transcript of Michael Couri ("Couri Depo-") 2. All documents listed in Gold Key's Memorandum in Support of Gold Key's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. MATERIAL FACTS IN DISPUTE AS TO THE CITY OF ALBERTVILLE'S CLAIM Gold Key relies upon and incorporates by reference its recitation of the facts, as set forth in Gold Key's Memorandum of Law in Support of its Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. In addition, the following clarifications of the City's Statement of Facts are necessary: 1) City Memo at P. 8: "Hedlund Engineering knew the culvert could affect the flow calculations for the Prairie Run property. Unfortunately, however, Hedlund Engineering chose not to incorporate the culvert into its drainage documentation. Hedlund depo. pp. 39-40." City Memo at p. 9.: "Unfortunately, Hedlund Engineering did not calculate any water flowing into the property from the east or from County Ditch No. 9. Hedlund depo. P. 68" • These are both inaccurate characterizations of Hedlund's testimony. Although Hedlund did not consider the culvert in his original drainage calculations, because anything flowing through County Ditch 9 basically bypasses Prairie Run, Hedlund did consider it and incorporate it into the revised plans that were actually approved by the City in June 2004. Hedlund did consider water flowing into Prairie Run via County Ditch 9 in April 2004, based upon a conversation that he had with Jim Schulz of SE-H, and based upon this conversation, Hedlund did revise the Prairie Run grading plans and raise the elevation of several house pads. (Hedlund Depo at 39-47, 73-74). 3 MAY-05-2007 09:13 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 007/043 F-796 2) City Memo at p. 8: "Mr..Iohnson, however, never reviewed the City's Ordinances, the grading plans, storm water control plans or any documentation regarding storm water on the property. Instead, he only reviewed the site plan and layout created by Hedlund Engineering." • This is an incomplete characterization of the events. While Mr. Johnson himself did not review these items, Gold Key's engineer, upon whom Gold Key relied, did prepare and review these items. (Johnson Depo at 46-49: Hedlund Depo at 26-28, 60- 61). 3) City Memo at p. 8: "Hedlund Engineering was also required to provide the City with a storm water pollution control plan. Hedlund depo. Pp. 61-62; Exh 46 (sic). Under the Ordinance, a 100-year floodplain level was required. Id. Hedlund Engineering never did this." • This is an incomplete characterization of the Ordinance requirements and why a 100 year floodplain level was not provided by Hedlund. As Hedlund went on to testify, the 100 year floodplain was not included in the storm water pollution control plans because it was not known at the time, and was not brought to his attention by the City or City Engineer. Hedlund at 62. Further, and significantly, the ordinance the City refers to, A.600.13(a), specifies that the storm water pollution control plan that the developer submits must be reviewed and approved by the Ciry Engineer. (Kuboushek Aff., Ex 47). The City represented that its engineer did review and approve the storm water plans, prior to the City submitting an application to the MPCA for a general storm water permit for construction activity on the entire Prairie Run project. (Kruse Depo. 147-153). 4) City Memo at p. 10: "On November 29, 2005, City Attorney Michael Couri wrote a letter to Gold Key advising that Gold Key was in default of paragraph B.F. of the Development Agreement because several of the lots in the Prairie Run development did not comply with City ordinances regarding the lowest opening elevation of a building. See Exh. 39." • This is an incomplete characterization of the basis for the City declaring Gold Key to be in default. Significantly, the City fails to state that it was declaring Gold Key to be in 4 N1AY-05-2007 09:13 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 008/043 F-796 default based upon a 100 year elevation of a culvert at County Ditch 9 tinder County Road 18, which was prepared by a culvert sizing company in 2000, and which number was known by the City Engineer as early as 2001, and again in 2003, but which number the City Engineer failed to make known to Gold Key or Hedlund. (Kuboushek Exh 65 and Exh 46; Carlson Depo 172). 5) City Memo at p. 12. "Significantly, the Developer's own engineer admits the Prairie Run development is currently in violation of several provisions of the City's Ordinances:" The City then quotes a portion of Hedlund's deposition testimony. • This is a misleading characterization of Hedlund's testimony. What the City fails to make clear, and what is significant, is that this line of questioning to Mr. Hedlund involves the Highest Known Water Elevation of 951.47, which was determined by Bolton & Menk in 2006, two and a half years after the final plat of Prairie Run was approved, and which number was based upon photographs of the June 2003 Flood Event that were in the City's possession and which the City failed to share with Gold Key or Hedlund. (Sutherland Depo at 15-18, 20,22, 84; Carlson Depo at 144; Schulz Depo. At 65-66; Matt Aff. Ex. L). LEGAL ARGUMENT A motion for summary judgment may only be granted if the moving party clearly sustains its burden of showing an absence of genuine issues of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The party moving for summary judgment has the burden of proof, and must show that it meets all the elements of its cause of action as a matter of law. The nonmoving patty has the benefit of that view of the evidence most favorable to him. Vierhs v. Thorp Finance Co., 1975, 305 Minn. 522, 232 N.W.2d 776; Ahlm v. Rooney, 1966, 274 Minn. 259, 143 N.W.2d 65; Sauter v. Sauter, 1935, 244 Mimi. 482, 70 N.W.2d 351. Once moving party has made out prima facie case that entitles it to summary judgment, nonmoving party may not rely on mere averments in pleadings or unsupported allegations, but must come forward with specific facts to satisfy its burden of production. Sr. Louis County Attorney's Office v. Tvventy- 5 N1AY-05-2007 09:13 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 009/043 F-796 Four Thousand Sir Hundred Forty -Three and 01/100 Dollars (24,643.01) in Various Denominations of U.S. Currency and Twenty -Four Video Poker Machines, 524 N.W.2d 542 (Minn. App. 1994), review denied. The City has completely failed to meet its burden and its motion for summary judgment must be denied. The City has not shown, as a matter of law, that Gold Key has breached the Development Agreement. In fact, an examination of the City's moving papers shows that the City relies upon conclusory statements, which are supported by no facts, no affidavit, no expert engineering opinion and no argument. Even though Gold Key, as non-moving party, only has to come forward with specific facts to show there are genuine issues for trial in order to defeat the City's motion if the City has met its burden in the first instance, Gold Key (in its moving papers and also herein) has presented specific facts which would defeat the City's motion. As set forth in Gold Key's moving papers in detail, Gold Key has shown that the City, not Gold Key, has breached the Development Agreement by imposing a moratorium on development in Prairie Run, and that, as a matter of law, Gold Key has not breached the Development Agreement. At a minimum, there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether Gold Key has breached the Development Agreement, precluding summary judgment in the City's favor. 1. GOLD KEY DID NOT BREACH THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT, AS ALLEGED BY THE CITY. The City's memorandum, at section I, starts off by saying that "Gold Key breached the Development Agreement because its Plat does not comply with all applicable provisions contained in the City's Subdivision and Zoning Ordinances. The deficiencies of the Plat are set forth in detail in City Attorney Couri's letter of December 1, 2006. See Exh. 99." The City offers absolutely no facts in support of its position, no expert engineering affidavit and absolutely no legal argument. The City is essentially saying Gold Key is in breach because the n N1AY-05-2007 09:13 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P O10/043 F-796 City says so, and because Gold Key has not fixed the problems the City alleges exist, Gold Key is in breach. In support of its position, the City relies upon: 1) unsupported factual allegations, 2) deposition testimony that is taken out of context, 3) an incorrect interpretation of what legal standard governs lot elevations (as between specific provision of Development Agreement or a more general City Ordinance) and 4) an incorrect interpretation of the Development Agreement that there is a continuing obligation for Gold Key to be in compliance with all City Ordinances ad infinintm, even as the numbers that would affect City Ordinances change over the years. As set forth in exhaustive detail in section III of Gold Key's Memorandum in Support of its Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, and documented in the Affidavit of professional engineer Brian Muuidstock, Gold Key has not breached the Development Agreement and in fact, Gold Key, and not the City, is entitled to summary judgment on this very issue. A. The City's Assertions That There Are "Deficiencies" In The Plat Are Unsupported Factual Allegations. In support of its assertion that Gold Key has breached the Development Agreement, the City states that the "deficiencies of the Plat are set forth in detail in City Attorney Court's letter of December 1, 2006. See Exh. 99. Because the Plat is not in compliance with the City's Subdivision and Zoning Ordinances ... the City's refusal to issue certificates of occupancy and building permits was proper and lawful ..." City memo at page 13. Exh 99, the City's 12/1/06 letter to Gold Key, summarily sets forth alleged violations of certain statutes, but does so in a conclusory manner with absolutely no factual or engineering support. Further, contrary to the City's assertion in its brief, Exh. 99 is not written by City Attorney Couri. It is authored by City Administrator Larry Kruse. Larry Kruse has testified repeatedly and unequivocally that he does not know or understand details about the alleged violations, that he is merely a conduit passing along information from the City Council and City I MAY-05-2007 09:14 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 011/043 F-796 Engineer. (Kruse Depo at 33-36, 65, 73). Clearly the City has not sustained its burden of proof that Gold Key has violated the Development Agreement, when all it has to support its position is a piece of paper authored by a City Administrator who admits he knows nothing about the details of the violations that the City alleges. H. The City Misconstrues The Testimony Of Randall Hedlund And Therefore Hedlund's Testimony Does Not Support The City's Position That Gold Key Is In Violation Of The Development Agreement As A Matter Of Law. The City states that "Gold Key's own engineer readily admits" that the Plat is not in compliance with the City's Subdivision and Zoning Ordinances, and apparently uses this as the basis for its position that it is entitled to summary judgment on the issues of whether Gold Key breached the Development Agreement. City Memo at page 13. In malting this statement, the City relies upon the testimony of Randy Hedlund, which the City cites at page 12 of its memo. What the City fails to make clear, and what is significant, is that this line of questioning to Mr_ Hedlund involves the Highest Known Water Elevation of 951.47, which was determined by Bolton & Menk in 2006, two and a half years after the final plat of Prairie Run was approved. As set forth in detail in section II of Gold Key's Memo in Support of its Motion for Summary Judgment, the line of permanent aquatic vegetation, and not the highest known water level, applied and governed the establishment of the elevations for structures and, as a matter of law, there is no violation of the Development Agreement when this basis is used (die line of permanent aquatic vegetation), which was approved by the City in 2004. Instead of providing its own engineering expert testimony as to the specific basis for any alleged violations of the Development Agreement by Gold Key, the City attempts to use the testimony of Gold Key's own engineer, which it takes out of context and misconstrues, to support its claim that Gold Key has violated the Development Agreement. Since facts must be construed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, this Court must construe H N1AY-05-2007 09:14 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 012/043 F-796 Hedlund's testimony in the light set forth by Gold Key, above. Therefore, not only has the City not offered any specific factual support for its position that Gold Key has breached the Development Agreement, but the engineering support it attempts to offer (via Hedlund's testimony) also does not support the City's position. C. In Declaring Gold Key To Be In Breach, The City Incorrectly Concludes Than Gold Key Has An Obligation To Change Its Lot Elevations And Runoff Rates Ad Infinitum, Even When New Numbers Are Determined. The City relies upon part of the Development Agreement that says: Unless otherwise explicitly set forth in this Agreement ... Developer agrees that the following conditions will be met on a continuing basis: C. All grading, drainage, utility, wetland mitigation, and transportation issues that arise during development of Said plat shall be subject to review and approval by the City Engineer. Emphasis added. The City, at page 14 of its memo, states "instead of attempting to fix the grading and drainage problems identified by the City and City Engineer in 2005 and 2006, Gold Key sued the City for breach of contract." City Memo at p. 14. As an initial matter, the Development Agreement, at page 6, paragraph 3E, does explicitly set forth what Developer is required to do as to runoff and drainage, so the provision cited by the City, above, regarding a continuing obligation to comply, does not apply to runoff and drainage (since the Development Agreement specifically states "Unless otherwise explicitly set forth in this agreement . . .") Paragraph 3E of the Development Agreement states: E. Developer shall install storm water rctention/water quality ponds and basins upon Said Plat as shown on the Grading, Drainage and Erosion Control Plan attached as Exhibit D.. . There is no dispute that Gold Key installed the ponds and graded the property in accordance with the approved plan attached as Exhibit D. (Nafstad Depo. at 88-90) 6 N1AY-05-2007 09:14 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 013/043 F-796 Nor does Gold Key have a continuing obligation to adjust lot elevations that deviate from The approved plans, since paragraph 13.I. of the Development Agreement explicitly addressed lot elevations. Paragraph 13.I of the Development Agreement states as follows: Developer shall not place any structure at an elevation such that the lowest grade opening is less than two feet above the highest known surface water level or ordinary high water level or less than one foot above the 100-year flood level of any adjacent water body or wetland. If sufficient data on high water levels is not available, the elevation of the line of permanent aquatic vegetation shall be used as the estimated high water elevation... I -lad the City and Gold Key intended for Gold Key to have a continuing obligation to adjust the lot elevations for structures if "new" information was uncovered years later, then the parties would have included paragraph 13.I. under the "continuing obligations" portion of the Development Agreement cited by the City. They did not, because they did not intend that there be a continuing obligation in this regard because everyone recognizes that it is expensive, illogical and unfair for a developer to rip apart a development after the infrastructure has been built. (See Nafstad Depo. at 82; Kruse Depo at 143) In any event, as set forth in exhaustive detail in Gold Key's Memorandum in Support of its Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, Gold Key has complied with paragraph 131 of the Development Agreement, and City Ordinances, regarding lot elevations. Finally, the language that the City points to about the alleged continuing obligation for Gold Key merely states that if issues arise regarding grading, drainage, utility, wetland mitigation, and transportation, those issues are subject to review and approval by the City Engineer. Gold Key is not representing that it will be in continuing compliance with all City Ordinances, based on new information, for all of time. There is no breach by Gold Key under this provision. 10 N1AY-05-2007 09:14 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 014/043 F-796 II. THE CITY OF ALBERT'VILLE CAN BE ESTOPPED FROM ENFORCING THIS ORDINANCE IN THIS CASE. The City argues a municipality cannot be estopped from enforcing an ordinance even if the property owner relied to his detriment on prior municipal action, and that Gold Key's estoppel claims should therefore be dismissed. The City relies primarily upon The City of Prior Lake v. Harbor Lake ]development Co. to support its position that in this case, the City cannot be estopped from enforcing its ordinances against Gold Key as to Prairie Run, even though there is a signed Development Agreement, and even though both the Planning Commission and the City Council approved the plats. Harbor Lake is easily distinguished from this case. In Harbor Lake, the City of Prior Lake issued a citation to a developer for violating its PUD use ordinance by the implementation of a boat launching system on the developer's PUD property. Prior Lake obtained a permanent injunction requiring the developer to remove the boat launching system from its PUD. The developer argued that the City was estopped from enforcing its ordinance, because the city had approved the use of the boat launching system. However, significantly, the city council had not approved the boat launching system. The "approval" that the developer argued it was relying upon was merely the verbal approval by one city official and another city official seeing the boat latmching system after it was built and doing nothing about it. The Court of Appeals held that the developer did not meet the criteria for estoppel because there was no evidence of misconduct by Prior Lake, or reasonable reliance by the developer. Unlike Harbor Lake, in this case affirmative governmental misconduct and reasonable reliance upon that conduct by Gold Key exists. The City affirmatively approved the Plat of Prairie Run. It was not approved through mistaken conduct or inadvertence, as would be the case if the City just overlooked the plat submissions and they were automatically deemed approved pursuant to Minn. Stat. § 462.358, subd.3b, by virtue of the City's inaction. The Plat of Prairie Run was approved after a process that lasted at least 18 months (from the initial 11 N1AY-05-2007 09:15 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 015/043 F-796 concept plan in early 2003 through final plat approval in .tune 2003) and during which time the City's "development team" met to discuss the project frequently and during which time many emails, memos, reports, plans and other documents were exchanged among the members of the development team and with Gold Key and Hedlund. The City Administrator admitted that it was reasonable for Gold Key and Hedlund to assume that the plans they submitted had been reviewed and approved by the City Engineer. (Kruse Depo at 42, 92-93). The City Planner and the City Attorney had undertaken their own assessment of the grading and drainage plans submitted by Gold Key and determined that they complied with City ordinances and subdivision ordinances. (Kruse Depo at 43, 77-78). Not only did the City take affirmative action when it initially approved the plat of Prairie Run, but the City and the City Engineer engaged in a second and third review of the approved plans when it issued building permits and certificates of occupancy. Clearly Gold Key was relying in good faith upon affirmative action taken by the City of Albertville. And, significantly, Gold Key developed the property exactly in accordance with the approved plans. (Unlike the Harbor Lake case, where the basis of the developer's argument was a boat launching system which was not shown on the plans that were approved by the City of Prior Lake). It is undisputed that Gold Key and the various builders have committed substantial resources in reliance upon the City's approval of the Plat of Prairie Run. The entire development's infrastructuue — roads, sewers, ponds — have been developed. Gold Key has committed millions of dollars to the development of Prairie Run. (Johnson Aff. ¶2, 3 and 4). Homes have been constructed on Prairie Run by various builders. The physical and financial obligations that have been incurred are extensive and cannot be used for anything else. (Johnson APE ¶2). They storm sewer system, roads, and ponds are in place for this particular residential development, in accordance with the plans that were approved by the City. The City is not 12 N1AY-05-2007 09:15 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 016/O43 F-796 allowing any type of development to occur in Prairie Run, so it is not like Gold Key can simply use the property for something else. It is hard to imagine Lhe resources that have been committed by Gold Key and the builders to be any more substantial than that which they have already incurred. The City also string cites several other cases for the proposition that a municipality cannot be estopped from correctly enforcing its ordinances even if the property owner detrimentally relied upon prior municipal action. The other cases cited by the City are inapplicable and distinguishable from this case. In Prior Lake Aggregrates, /nc. v. Ciry of Savage, 349, N.W.2d 575 (Minn. App. 1984), the court held that the city council was not estopped from denying a special use permit for an asphalt plant which was in violation of the city's use ordinances, even though the city had previously granted a temporary special use permit on the same property to a different applicant and even though members of the city council had conversations with the applicant about the applicant's proposed use of the land. The Prior Lake Court noted that the parties did not in fact rely upon any actions of city council because the conversations with council that they referred to happened after the parties applied for a special use permit. Here, we know that Gold Key in fact relied upon the actions of City Council in approving the plat of Prairie Run, because Gold Key waited until it had such approval before it began spending millions of dollars to develop the properly, and before it entered into binding contracts with the various builders. In Jasaka Company v. City of St. Paul, 309 N.W.2d 40, 44 (Minn. 1981), the Minnesota Supreme Court held that the city was not estopped from halting construction of a radio tower, even though the city had previously issued a building permit, since the tower encroached 15 feet onto an unopened public street (which did not conform to the terms of the permit). The Jasaka Court noted that because the tower was 90% complete, and the property- owner had committed 13 N1AY-05-2007 09:15 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 017/043 F-796 $103,000 to the project, if the tower had conformed with the terms of the previously issued permit and stood entirety upon Jasaka's property, that under the Ridgewood rule, Jasaka may have acquired a vested right despite the invalidity of the building permit. Here, it is undisputed that Gold Key's development of the Prairie Run infrastructure conformed exactly with the plans that were approved by the City, and that Gold Key and the builders have spent millions of dollars in reliance upon the -same. Gold Key has already extensively briefed the issue of why estoppel is appropriate in this case, and why Gold Key is entitled to relief from the moratorium and requirements of the Ordinances and Development Agreement based upon the logic of Minn. Stat. §462.355, Subd. 4, the "reasonable reliance" doctrine created by Minn. Stat. §462.358, SUM. 3c (1998) and the prohibition against retrospective application of laws, or vested rights doctrine. Gold Key hereby incorporates by reference its Memoranthan of Law in Support of Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, and refers the Court to pages 41 — 49 therein for the argument regarding estoppel. For the reasons set forth in that brief, and herein, the City's argument that it is entitled to Summary judgment as to Gold Key's estoppel claims must be denied. III. THE CITY IS NOT ENTITLED TO EITHER STATUTORY OR OFFICIAL IMMUNITY. The City argues that it is entitled to statutory immunity on Gold Key's claims because those claims are "based upon the performance or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty". City Memo at 25-26. The City is wrong. The City is not entitled to immunity on Gold Key's claims because they are breach of contract claims. McDonough v. City of Rosemount, 503 N.W.2d 493 (Minn. Ct. App. 1993). "A municipality must perform its valid contracts the same as an individual or private corporation." 10A Eugene ' Ridgewood and the vested rights doctrine is discussed extensively at pp. 41-49 of Gold Key's Memo in Support of Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, which is incorporated herein by reference. 14 N1AY-05-2007 09:15 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 018/043 F-796 McQuillan, The Law of Municipal Corporations § 29.119 (3d ed. rev. vol. 1990); see Ketterer v. Independent Sch, Dist. No. 1, 79 N.W.2d 428, 435 (1956) (where city enters into contract of business nature, common principles of law applicable to private persons apply). Gold Key has two claims against the City: 1) a declaratory judgment action, seeking a determination that the City has breached the development agreement and that it must issue certificates of occupancy and building pen -nits; 2) a breach of contract action for damages stemming from the City's breach of the Development Agreement. Since both of these claims are grotuided in contract, and not ton, the City is not entitled to immunity. The cases cited by the City in its brief all involve ton claims brought by a Plaintiff against a governmental entity. See Nusbaum v. Blve Garth Cotenry, 422 N.W.2d 713 (Minn. 1988) (Motorist injured in one -car accident on comity road sued county and state for negligence in placement of speed signs); Christopherson v. City of Albert Lea, 623 N.W2d. 272 (Minn. Ct. App. 2001) (negligence action based upon a municipality's decision not to make major capital improvements to an existing sewer system is immune from tort liability as a discretionary function.); Fisher v. Counry of Rock, 596 N.W.2d 646 (Minn. 1999) (A county is entitled to statutory immunity in wrongful death action when its decision not to install guardrails at an existing bridge site where a fatal automobile accident occurred is based on both engineering and policy considerations.); Anderson v. Ciry of ,14inneapolis, 178 N.W.2d 215 (Minn. 1970) (Plaintiffs, owners of real estate, sued the city of Minneapolis for damages which resulted when a building permit issued for the construction of a garage was canceled, upon the ground that the structure involved was of a kind not permitted under the applicable provisions of the Minneapolis zoning ordinance); _Llohler v. City of St. Louis Park, 643 N.W.2d 623 (Minn. Ct. App. 2002) (claim against city for negligent misrepresentation for issuance of building permit for garage barred by statutory immunity). Wilson v. Ramocher, 352 N.W.2d 398 (Minn. 1984) 15 N1AY-05-2007 09:15 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 019/043 F-796 (Landowner brought action against city for negligent and unreasonable diversion of surface waters onto his property.); 11asonick v J.P. Homes, 494 N.W.2d 910 (Homeowners whose house was damaged in fire brought action against city, alleging city building inspector negligently issued certificate of occupancy.); IvIcnamara v. McLean, 531 N. W.2d 91 1 (Minn. Ci. App. 1995) (Sellers of house with failed septic system filed third -party claim against county alleging negligence in issuing construction permit for the septic system and conducting point -of -sale inspection of the system.) The claims brought by Gold Key are breach of contract, not ton claims. Nonetheless, the City is not entitled to summary judgment in its favor because genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether the City is immune. A fact issue exists as to whether City failed to provide relevant information to Gold Key prior to the approval of the plat, when it failed to provide Gold Key with photographs of the June 2003 Flood event that were taken by Zoning Administrator Jon Sutherland, and which photographs now are the very basis for the City's moratorium on development. A fact issue also exists as to whether the City's conduct (in refusing to issue the building permits and certificates of occupancy and declaring a moratorium) involves a balancing of policy objectives (which would be immune) or is merely an operational function, which does not involve the exercise of any discretion, but instead involves merely implementation of a planning -operational decision. See Sota Foods, Inc. v. Larson -Peterson & Associates, Inc. 497 N.W.2d 276 (material facts in dispute prevent resolution of issue of discretionary immunity on plaintiffs claim against city and engineers for negligence in desibn of sewage treatment facility that lacked capacity to handle discharge from plaintiff s plant). In its brief, the City tries to persuade this court that the actions it took (in imposing a moratorium in Prairie Run) were discretionary, policy based decisions, by quoting portions of City Administrator Larry Kruse's deposition testimony about wanting to be "proactive" and that Z N1AY-05-2007 09:16 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 020/043 F-796 its "ultimate responsibility [ ] to protect current and future homeowners." However, the testimony actually shows, or at the very least there is a genuine issue of material fact, that the City was merely applying the scientific judgment of the engineers to the criteria for issuance of building permits and certificates of occupancy. See Sutherland Depo at pp 42 — 43 ("its not normal to question the engineer. The engineer knows — is qualified and knows what he or she is doing. So I guess it's — interaction might occur, but its not really a question of the call the engineer made."). Further, there is a fact question precluding summary judgment because everyone from the City is pointing fingers and denying that they were even the one that made the decision to shut down Prairie Run. City Attorney Couri has claimed attorney client privilege and refuses to testify about the letter. The City's current engineers; Bolton & Menk, say they didn't make the decision to halt development, that SEH made that decision. SEH's engineers claim that they did not make the ultimate decision that there were deficiencies in the plat justifying holding certificates of occupancy and building permits. So while Gold Key believes it is clear, as a matter of law, that immunity does not preclude its claims because they are breach of contract claims, even if this Court finds that they do somehow sound in negligence, genuine issues of material fact exist which would preclude summary judgment in the City's favor on immunity grounds. IV. THERE ARE FACT ISSUES PRECLUDING SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON THE ISSUE OF WHETHER THE CITY IS ENTITLED TO ATTORNEYS FEES UNDER THE DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENT. The City asks the Court for summary judgment in its favor on the issue of whether it is entitled to attorneys fees in this case. In support of its request, the City points to two paragraphs in the Development Agreement (an indemnification provision and a fees provision) and the case of YVoodland Developmeni Corporation v. Ciry of Andover, No. A05-1636 , 2006 Minn. App. Lexis 621 (Minn. App., June 13, 2006). 17 N1AY-05-2007 09:16 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 021/043 F-796 There are genuine issues of material fact that preclude summary judgment on this issue. The fees provision states, 'Developer will pay all reasonable professional fees incurred by the City as a result of City efforts to enforce the terms of this Agreement." Emphasis added. The City's request for a determination that it is entitled to fees is premature, as there are genuine issues of material fact as to whether its actions are reasonable, and whether it even has the right under the development agreement to shut down the entire development. For the reasons set forth in great detail in Gold Key's Memorandum in Support of its Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (and supporting affidavits and documents), the City's actions throughout the approval process, and continuing through the present with the imposition of the moratorium on development in Prairie Run, are unreasonable. By way of example, and not meant to be an exhaustive list, the City's actions have been unreasonable in the following respects! • The City approved the Prairie Run plat submissions without ensuring that those submissions received the same engineering review that the City has provided (and requires) for every other plat in the City of Albertville. The City should have known the engineering review had not been done because the City did not receive the City Engineer's review memorandum that it always receives for plats. • A year and a half after it approved the Prairie Rum plat, and after Gold Key spent millions of dollars developing the plat in reliance upon the approval, the City then arbitrarily and unreasonably declared Gold Key to be in default of the development agreement based upon a 100-year elevation "of sorts" that the City knows to be inaccurate, and which number was in the possession of the City's own engineer at the time of original plat approval. At this point the City refuses to issue building permits or certificates of occupancy for certain lots it claimed had elevation issues. After attempting to negotiate a resolution unsuccessfully, Gold Key sued the City because there was no other choice — the City had shut down building on certain lots in the development and Gold Key was facing claims from builders as to those lots. • To further complicate things, on December 1, 2006, dte City takes an even more unreasonable position — it shuts down development in the entire Prairie Run development, declaring a complete moratorium on development in Prairie Run, even as to lots that it admits have no elevation issues, and even though its own engineer admits that no homes are at elevations that they would actually be flooded. The basis for this moratorium of the City was a highest known elevation that the City now established, and which elevation was based upon photographs of the June 2003 Flood Event that were in the City's possession, and which it did not share with or make known to Gold Key, prior to preliminary plat approval. m N1AY-05-2007 09:16 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 022/043 F-796 The Cities reliance upon Woodland is misplaced. Although Woodland dealt with a City's request for fees under a fee provision of a development agreement, it is significant to note that the Woodland court did not decide the fee issue on a summary judgment motion. Instead, the court awarded fees following a bench trial and a hearing on attorney fees. In Woodland, the developer was challenging the amount of assessments and charges imposed by the City in a development. The court assessed the merits of the developer's claims and ultimately determined that the developer's claims were without merit. This case is not factually similar to Woodland at all. Here, we have significant issues of whether the City's actions were unreasonable in the first place and essentially forced Gold Key to sue the City to move development forward. The fee issue cannot be resolved until the merits of Gold Key's claims against the City are resolved. The City seeks a determination as to its entitlement to fees, without telling the Court or counsel what amount of fees it has incurred (despite the fact that Gold Key has asked for this amount in discovery, the City has ignored Gold Key's requests and refuses to tell Gold Key the amount of fees it has incurred). Although the City states that that it would make an appropriate motion to the court at a later time as to the amount of the fees, the issue of whether the City's actions in the first instance were reasonable is so significant that it creates a genuine issue of material fact and would preclude any award of fees, that the City's request for summary judgment on the fee issue should be denied. CONCLUSION For the reasons set forth herein, there are factual issues which preclude summary judgment in the City's favor and its motion for summary judgment must therefore be denied in its entirety. N1AY-05-2007 09:16 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 023/043 F-796 JOHNSON, LARSON, PETERSON & MATT. P.A. Dated: S b By: �•� GZ d Cindi S. Man, I.D. # 269359 Anomey for Gold Key Development, Inc. 908 Commercial Drive Buffalo, MN 55313 (763)682-4550 20 N1AY-05-2007 09:17 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 024/043 F-796 STATE OF MINNESOTA DISTRICT COURT COUNTY OF WRIGHT TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT CASE TYPE: Declaratory Judgment/Breach of Contract Court Pile No. 86-CV-06-2998 Gold Key Development, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, Plaintiff, vs. City of Albertville, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, vs. Short Elliott Iendrickson, Inc., Third Party Defendant. T/C Homes, Inc., a Minnesota corporation, Plaintiff Court File No. 86-06-CV-4997 vs. GOLD KEY'S MEMORANDUM Gold Key Development, Inc., a Minnesota corporation IN OPPOSITION TO SHORT- ELLIOTT-HENDRICKS ON' S Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT vs. Hedlund Engineering, Third Party Defendant, vs. City of Albertville, Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, vs. Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc. Third Party Defendant. N1AY-05-2007 09:17 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 025/043 F-796 INTRODUCTION This Court must deny Short Elliot Hendrickson's (hereinafter -SEH") motion for summary judgment in its favor on Gold Key's negligence and breach of contract claims, based upon Minnesota case law which allows exactly these types of claims. See Sora Foods Inc. V. Larson, Peterson & .4ssociares, Inc., 497 N.W2d 276 (Minn. App. 1993). SEH not only had a duty to Gold Key to review the Prairie Run plat submissions, but also, by SEH's own admission, it committed a serious error by completely failing to conducL any review of the Prairie Run plat submissions whatsoever. Minnesota Courts recognize claims virtually identical to the claims Gold Key and TC Homes have brought against SEH in this case and have held that summary judgment is inappropriate as to those third party negligence and breach of contract claims against a city and its engineer. ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS RELIED UPON Affidavit of Cindi S. Matt Opposing SEH's and the City's Motions for Summary Judgment, and the following exhibits: A. a true and correct copy of the deposition transcript of Alan BrixiUS ("Brixius Depo.") B. a true and correct copy of the deposition transcript of Michael Court ("Couri Depo.") 2. All documents listed in Gold Key's Memorandum in Support of Gold Key's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment MATERIAL FACTS IN DISPUTE AS TO SEWS CLAIM Gold Key relies upon and incorporates by reference its recitation of the facts, as set forth in Gold Key's Memorandum of Law in Support of its Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. In addition, the following clarifications of SEH's Statement of Undisputed Facts are necessary: MAY-05-2007 09:17 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 026/043 F-796 1) SLH memo at 4 — 5: "Hedlund used the line of permanent aquatic vegetation located on the site to set the 100-year HWL." • This is inaccurate. Hedlund used the line of permanent aquatic vegetation to estimate a high water elevation, not to set a 100-year elevation. 2) SEH memo at page 5: "Even though Hedlund used a 100-year HWL based on the aquatic vegetation line, Hedlund admits that it undertook no investigation through either the City or Wright County to see if a different 100-year HWL was established in the area of the Project. • This is inaccurate. Hedlund did not use a 100-year HWL. ITedlund used the line of permanent aquatic vegetation as the estimated high water level, as was allowed by Ordinances and the Development Agreement. Hedlund undertook no further investigation because Peter Carlson of SEH stated that a Storm Water Management Plan of the area (therefore no 100-year) had not been done; Albertville was the LGU in charge of County Ditch 9, and SEH was aware of the use of the permanent line of aquatic vegetation. (Conway Aff; Johnson Depo at 130-132, 149-150; Gold Key Memo, footnote 20). 3) SEH memo at page 5: "SEH did not perform a review of Hedlund's calculation of the 100-year HWL." • This characterization by SEH is incomplete and does not reflect that SEH, by its own admission, performed absolutely no engineering review of the Prairie Run plat submissions, like the review it has done of the plat submissions for virtually every other plat in the City of Albertville. (Carlson Depo at 20-21, 49-30, 68-69, 83-84, 99-100). 4) SEH memo at page 6: "On October 1, 2004, an official from Wright County Soil and Water District wrote to SEH, Hedlund and others expressing concern about potential flooding of the Project from the adjacent County Ditch No. 9. (Markert Aff., Ex. I). After reviewing the concerns, Randy Hedlund wrote to SEH and Wright County and indicated that he had taken potential flooding into consideration in his design and declined to revise the grading plan for the residential portion of the Project." 3 N1AY-05-2007 09:17 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 027/043 F-796 • This characterization by SEH is incomplete and does not reflect that Hedlund actually made revisions based upon SEH's St. Cloud office recommendations, and further that SEH did not then require further revisions to the grading plan based upon the 1011104 letter .from YYSWCD. Mr. Hedlund's response to SEA regarding WSWCD's concern about potential flooding from Ditch 9 was that "potential flooding from the ditch 9 backup was taken into account when designing the plan. I worked with your St. Cloud office to come up with minimum elevations for buildings based on the 100 year flood elevations associated with ditch 9." (Markert Aff, Exh. K.) 5) SEH memo at page 7: "Bolton Menk and the City looked into the flooding and decided to use a 100-year HWL associated with a culvert replacement project on County Ditch No. 9 that occurred in 2000." • This characterization by SEH is incomplete and does not reflect SEH's continued involvement in the decision to hold Gold Key in default of the development agreement. SEH was still acting as City Engineer on the Prairie Run project until June 2006, and SEH was involved in the investigation of the water on Prairie Run and the decision to use the culvert study as the 100-year I-IWL. (Moberg Depo at 9-10, 20-23). • This characterization by SEH is also incomplete in that it fails to point out to the Court that the "culvert replacement project on County Ditch No. 9 that occurred in 2000" (which is the City's initial basis for declaring Gold Key to be in default of the Development Agreement) was in SEH's possession as early as July 1, 2003, which is 7 days before the preliminary plat of Prairie Run was approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission. (Carlson Depo at 73-78). 4 N1AY-05-2007 09:17 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 028/043 F-796 LEGAL ARGUMENT I. GOLD KEY CAN ASSERT A NEGLIGENCE CLAIM AGAINST SEH A. Minnesota Courts Recognize Third Party Negligence and Breach of Contract Claims Against An Independent City Engineer. Minnesota Courts recognize that a negligence and breach of contract action can exist by a third party against a city engineer. See Soto Foods, Inc. v. Larson -Peterson & Associates, Inc., 497 N.W2d 276 (Minn. Ct. App. 1993) (material facts in dispute as to whether engineer was an independent contractor prevented summary judgment as to city engineer in action brought by plaintiff' against city and city engineer for negligence and breach of contract, as third party beneficiary, in design of sewage treatment facility that lacked capacity to handle discharges form plaintiff's plant). here, there are no facts in dispute as to SEH's status as an independent contractor of the City, as there were in Soto. Indeed, every employee of SEH who was deposed, SEH's counsel, and the City Administrator all agree that SEH was an independent contractor, and not an employee of the City. (Carlson Depo at 17 — 18, Kruse Depo at 15; Moberg Depo at 8; Schulz Depo at 9; I ledlund Depo 1 10). As the plaintiff in Soto was allowed to proceed with its negligence and breach of contract claims against the engineer, so too should Gold Key be allowed to proceed with its negligence and third party beneficiary contract claims against SEH. B. SEH Owed A Duty To Gold Key SETT claims that Gold Key's negligence claim against it fails as a matter of law, based upon the Cracrafr and Hoffert cases, because SEH owed a duty only to the public and because SEH had not assumed a private duty to Gold Key. SEH is wrong. As an initial matter, Cracraft and Hoffert are not controlling, as those cases involve a plaintiff suing a building inspector or City official for work that was within the city's discretionary function and immune on that basis. Instead, Soto, discussed above, is controlling and Gold Key should be allowed to proceed with its negligence and breach of contract claims against SE-H, since Gold Key is suing SEH, an 5 MAY-05-2007 09:17 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 029/043 F-796 independent contractor, for negligence and breach for its complete failure to review plat submissions in the first place. In any event, an analysis of the factors set forth in Cracrafr precludes summary judgment in SEH's favor since, as City Engineer charged with reviewing engineering aspects of a developer's plat submissions, SEH owed a duty to the developer. further, SEH assumed a private duty to Gold Key to review Gold Key's plans to ensure that they conformed with City Ordinances and Subdivision Ordinances, based upon the Cracrafr factors. This Court must therefore deny SEH's motion for summaryjudgment as to Gold Key's negligence claim. 1. SEH's Duty to Review Plat Submissions Was a Duty Owed to the Developer, and Not Only to the Public. SEH argues that it does not owe a duty to Gold Key, the developer, because SEH's '-duty to review a developer's plans to determine if they conform to subdivision and zoning ordinances is exclusively a duty to the public — the party whom the ordinances are intended to protect." SEH is wrong. As City Engineer, SEH's duty to review a developer's plat submissions is a duty not only to the City and the public, but also to the developer itself. Indeed, this is abundantly clear from the fact that a developer cannot get final plat approval and proceed with development unless and until this review is done by the City Engineer, SE-H. (Brixius Depo at 19-20)_ In the normal review process, the City expects the City Engineer to catch any errors that may exist in the plans submitted by a developer. (Kruse Depo at 112-113). The City Engineer then typically issues a review memorandum which sets forth the specific items that a developer would need to correct before the City Engineer will issue a recommendation that the plat be approved by the City Council. (Carlson Depo at 20, 118-119, 1330-132, 163, Kawe Depo at 102, 135-136). SEH recognizes that a developer is relying upon it to review the developer's plans, a$ it normally copies the developer and the developer's engineer on these review memorandums. (Ilowevcr in this case, SEH failed to conduct a review and since Gold ICey and Hedlund had not developed N. N1AY-05-2007 09:18 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 030/043 F-796 property in Albertville before, they did not know that this review memorandum was routinely prepared by SEH). SET-T likens itself to the building inspector in Hofferr, and argues that like a building inspector, SEH, as review engineer, only had a duty to the public to determine if the developer's plans generally conformed to City Ordinances, and that it was not acting as an insurer or guarantor to individuals that the plans were Cree of error. SEH then points to the provision of the Development Agreement between the City and Gold Key where Gold Key represents that the plat complies with City ordinances in general, and argues that this provision `-males it clew- that any plan review, or lack of review, by SEH does not relieve Gold Key of its duty to ensure that its plans conform" with City ordinances. SEH memo at page 12. SEI-I's recitation of Gold Key's obligations under the Development Agreement is a transparent attempt to deflect attention away from what was SEH's duty to the Developer in reviewing the engineering aspects of plat submissions. The fact that Gold Key may have had obligations under the Development Agreement does not take away any duty that SEH has as to the Developer regarding review of the plat submissions. This Court must step back and took at what SEH was taking on the duty to do. Without question, SEH was taking on the duty to conduct so+ne review of the engineering aspects of plat submissions in general, and this duty was to the developer, who clearly needs and relies upon this review because the developer cannot get plat approval without the review. In its memorandum, SEH tries to distract the Court's attention from this clear duty that SEH does not deny that it has, and instead tries to focus on a more narrowly defined duty to be the guarantor that a plat is free from all defects. The problem with SEH's argument, that it was not taking on the duty to act as guarantor of perfection and cannot be held responsible for all defects, is that it presumes there will be a review done by SEH. This is not a case like Hofferr or Cracrafr, where 7 MAY-05-2007 09:18 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 031/043 F-796 an individual who was not involved in the review process (or inspection, as the case may be) itself is now coming forward and malting a negligence claim against the reviewer (inspector). SEH would have a better argument if a homeowner sued SEH for negligence. Then, SEH's argument that by its review it did not intend to make guarantees to a particular homeowner might have some merit. But here, where it is the developer making a negligence claim, and where SEH clearly had a direct duty to the developer to review the developer's plans, a negligence claim clearly exists. 2. SETS Assumed a Private Duty to Gold Key. Cracraft is the seminal case that discusses when a municipality (or private entity acting on behalf of a municipality) assumes a special duty to act for the protection of others, as distinguished from acting merely for the general public when it inspects the activities of third parties. The Cracraft court noted that there is no bright line test, and that there are four factors that should be considered in deciding whether a special duty exists, but these four factors are not exhaustive and will not be applicable in all situations. Cracrafr, 279 N_W2d 801, 806-807. All four factors do not necessarily need to be met to establish a special duty. Andrade v. Ellefsan, 391 N.W.2d 836,841 (Mimi. 1986). The first Cracraft factor requires that the defendant have actual knowledge of the dangerous condition. In this case, SEH had actual knowledge that the Prairie Run property was potentially subject to flooding and that the 100-year elevations and known high water levels for Prairie Run were higher than the elevations of the line of permanent aquatic vegetation. However, SEH chose not to share its knowledge with Gold Key either prior to plat approval and prior to the start of development on the property, and instead 5E1-1 let Gold Key proceed with development of a plat based upon the line of permanent aquatic vegetation. In its memo, SEH N N1AY-05-2007 09:18 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 032/043 F-796 summarily states that "SEH was unaware of any problems with Gold Key's plans." This could not be further from the truth. Specifically, SEH was aware of the following: • a June 2004 Flood Study by SEH, of the June 2003 Flood Event, which set the 100-year flood elevation at 950.9, but which was known to SEH and the City in September or October of 2003, when it was presented at a City Council Meeting. (Carlson Depo 87-90; Kruse Depo at 124-125) • Photographs from the June 2003 Flood, which depicted water lines which eventually contributed towards establishing a highest known elevation of 951.47. • a 4/18/01 fax from Virgil Hawkins, Assistant Wright County Engineer regarding a Risk Assessment for County Ditch #9, referencing a 951.5 100 year elevation for the culvert under County Ditch 49 at County Road 18 (and showing a date stamp indicating SEH received this document on July 1, 2003.) This was the same document that was eventually used by the City as the basis for declaring Gold Key to be in default in November 2005. (Carlson Depo at 74-76) • Complaints from 56 homeowners, many in developments that drain into County Ditch #9, whose homes were damaged or flooded after the June 2003 rain event (Sutherland Depo at 28, 124). Peter Carlson of SEH was aware of virtually all of the inspection notices that were prepared as to these homes. (Sutherland Depo at 13, 18-20, 32-34, 50-51, 54, 57-58). This was a significant, devastating rain event for Albertville, with news media covering the flooding, a three hour citizen forum about the flooding at a City Council meeting on July 7, 2003, uninhabitable homes, and a great deal of devastation in the City. (Sutherland Depo at 27, 49-51, 55, 74-78). • a 7/17/01 letter from Wright Soil & Water warning that " ... its irresponsible to allow additional developments to fill those areas subject ro flooding or to make changes to the ditch to improve flows without having a more complete hydrologic study to ensure safety of the existing structures." (Kuboushek Aff, Exh I5). • a 8/12/02 letter from Collen Allen (Wright Soil & Water) to the City warning of serious potential for future flooding problems in Albertville because of new development problems, which stated " ... I would like to rake this opportunity to alert your to a very serious problem that we feel is developing in Albertville. Our office feels very strongly that there is a serious potential for future flooding problems to occur in Albertville... YVe are aware that plans are in process for several more development projects and feel that further development will aggravate the problem unless corrective measures are taken. We feel that the capacity for the downstream outlets to handle the increased storm -wetter is poorly understood... In order to identify the capacity of the storm water system and to identify remaining opportunities for management, we suggest that the city have a comprehensive hydrologic analysis of the watershed conducted." (Kuboushek Af£, Exh 61). 9 N1AY-05-2007 09:18 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 033/043 F-796 Despite having this information, the City and SEII did not share it with Gold Key and Hedlund, and instead approved the Plat and grading plans for Prairie Run with the line of permanent aquatic vegetation being used as the estimated high water level. Clearly SEH's knowledge of this information weighs in favor of finding that SEH assumed a special duty m Gold Key under the first Cracraft factor. The second Cracraft factor to consider in deciding whether a special duty was assumed requires reasonable reliance on specific representations or conduct of the defendant. Such reliance must be based on specific actions or representations of the defendant which cause the plaintiff to forego other alternatives of protection. In this case, Gold Key relied upon representations by SEH and the City that SEH would provide Gold Key with any information it had that would be pertinent to elevations and development of the plat of Prairie Run and that SEH would perform an engineering review and approval of Gold Key's plat submissions. Specifically, Gold Key relied upon the following representations and conduct: • City Engineer Peter Carlson stated to Gold Key's realtor, Kevin Conway, very early on in the development process, that the Albert Villas development and the property that would become Prairie Run were in the same watershed, and that no storm water management plan or study existed for the area (therefore there was no 100-year elevation established)_ (Conway AM, Johnson Depo_ At 130-132, 149-150). • Throughout the first few months of 2001, Dean Johnson had several meetings with City staff, including Peter Carlson, Linda Goeb, Michael Couri, and Alan Brixius, about the concept plan, during which time the use of the line of permanent aquatic vegetation as the estimated high water level was discussed. Peter Carlson raised no issues or objections as to this measure of the estimated high water level and therefore Gold Key proceeded based upon SEH's implicit approval. • The 6/25/03 Planning Report regarding the preliminary plat of Prairie Rum listed as a condition that "The submitted grading and drainage plan will be subject to review and approval by the City Engineer." (Mart Aff, Exh J.) Peter Carlson of SEH was copied on this report and did not tell anyone from the City or Gold Key that he would not be reviewing Gold Key's grading and drainage plans, or that he had any issues or problems with the plans that were submitted. • Gold Key and its engineer, Hedlund, had dozens of conversations with Peter Carlson, Jim Schutz, Todd Udvig and others from SEH about Prairie Run and not once 10 N1AY-05-2007 09:19 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 034/043 F-796 during any of these conversations did SER tell Gold Key or Hedlund that SEH was not acting as the review engineer for the City. • Not once during the dozens of conversations that Gold Key and Hedlund had with SEH did SEH tell Gold Key or Hedlund that the line of permanent aquatic vegetation was not the appropriate measure of the estimated high water level. • In November 2003, Hedlund's office contacted SEH to get SEH's comments regarding the requirements for the ponds and what size storm they have to hold on the development, and minimum depth of overflow compared to house pads. SEH did not tell Hedlund that it would not be conducting a review of the plans. • In April 2004, Randy Hedlund was called by Jim Schulz of SEH regarding concerns that Jim Schulz had about the grading plans. (Hedlund Depo at 78-81). In response to Jim Schulz' concern about the grading plans, and at his request, Randy Hedlund revised the grading plans to raise the elevation of the building pads on 1 1 lots in Prairie Run. • Not once during the dozens of conversations that Gold Key and Hedlund had with SEH did SEH provide Gold Key or Hedlund with any information that would be useful to Gold Key and Hedlund in establishing elevations for Prairie Run, despite the fact that SEH had in its possession the June 2004 Flood Study, photographs from the June 2003 rain event, and the 4/18/01 fax from Virgil Hawkins stating the 951.5 culvert elevation. • On 6/2/04 the City Planner issued a Memorandum regarding final plat approval. Significantly, the preliminary plat condition regarding the grading and drainage plan being subject to review and approval by the City Engineer was no longer mentioned and was not a condition being recommended for final plat approval. Peter Carlson did not tell anyone from Gold Key that SEH had not, in fact, reviewed the plat submissions and instead he allowed Gold Key and the City to proceed to final plat approval as if the plans had been reviewed_ • At the June 7, 2004 City Council meeting, the City approved the final plat of Prairie Run. (Kruse Depo at 41-42). Despite recognizing that it would be important for the City Council to know that the City Engineer had not yet reviewed grading and drainage plans prior to final plat approval, and despite recognizing that once a final plat is approved a lot of people are going to spend a significant amount of money grading and developing the property based upon the approved final plat, City Engineer Peter Carlson failed to stand up at the City Council meeting and let the City Council, Gold Key, or anyone else know that SEH had not yet reviewed the grading and drainage plans. Gold Key's reliance upon the actions/inactions and representations of SEH was reasonable. The City Administrator testified that a developer and developer's engineer can assume that the review by the City Engineer has been done by the time of final plat approval. (Kruse Depo 37-40). SEH's actions and representations, set forth above, caused Gold Key to 11 N1AY-05-2007 09:19 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 035/043 F-796 forego further investigation and or determination as to a differing elevation that would govern development. The third Cracraft factor may create a duty of care by an ordinance or statute that sets forth mandatory acts clearly for the protection of a particular class of persons rather than the public as a whole. At page 11 of its memo, SL-H quotes from the City's subdivision ordinance and states that the ordinance was generally enacted by the City to benefit the public. While it is certainly true that the general intent of the subdivision ordinance as a whole is to benefit the public, the ordinances governing the procedures for plat approval benefit a developer, who cannot proceed with development in a plat without the required reviews and approvals. See City Ordinance 2700 regarding the procedure for Planted Unit Developments.' In any event, this factor is not diapositive. All four factors do not need to be met for a special duty to exist. 1Indrade 391 N.W.2d at 841; Cracraft 279 N.W.2d at 806. ' 2700.4: PROCEDURE FOR PROCESSING A PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT: 11 x :, 3. Review And Action By City Staff And Planning Commission: a. Immediately upon receipt of a completed development stage plan, said plan shall be referred to the following city staff and/or official bodies for the indicated action- (i) The city attorney for legal review of all documents. (2) The city engineer for review of all engineering data and the city/developer agreement. (3)'rhe building official for review of all building plans. (A) The zoning administrator or his agent for review of all plans for compliance with the intent, purpose and requirements of this ordinance and conformity with the general concept plan and comprehensive plan. (3) The planning commission for review and recommendation to the council. (6) When appropriate, as determined by the zoning administrator, to other special review agencies such as the watershed districts, soil conservation services, highway departments or other review agencies and vovernmenial jurisdicrions. 12 N1AY-05-2007 09:19 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 036/043 F-796 The fourth Cracraft factor to consider whether a special duty exists requires an analysis of whether the defendant has increased the risk of harm. As a result of SEI1's implicit approval of the Prairie Run plat based upon the line of permanent aquatic vegetation, development of the infrastructure of Prairie Run, and eventually the homes in Prairie Run, proceeded. Without review of plat submissions by the City Engineer, the developer could not get plat approval. Clearly then, the situation that now exists on Prairie Run would not exist but for the actions of SEH in approving (albeit silently) the Prairie Run plat submissions and this factor also weighs in favor of finding that a special duty exists. An analysis of the Cracraft factors makes it abundantly clear that in this case SEH had a special duty to Gold Key to review the engineering aspects of the Prairie Run plat submissions. Therefore, SEH's motion for summary judgment as to Gold Key's negligence claim must be denied- Q. GOLD KEY IS A THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARY Or, THE CONTRACT BETWEEN SEH AND THE CITY SEH argues that Gold Key cannot maintain a breach of contract action against it because Gold Key cannot establish that it is a third party beneficiary of the contract between SE-H and the City. SEH bases its argument on two faulty propositions. First, SEH focuses on the written "Services Agreement" entered into between the City and SEH in 1994 and argues that under this agreement, Gold ICey cannot be a beneficiary because of a non -beneficiary clause. The contract between the City and SEH as to SEH's review of plat submissions was oral, and was not governed by the written "Services Agreement." Z Second, SEH focuses on the contract being 2 SEH attempts to focus the Court's attention on the written contract between the City and SEK signed in 1994, pointing to a non -beneficiary clause in said contract as a basis for SEH's claim that Gold Key cannot go forward with its third party beneficiary breach claim. Flowever, the written contract that SEH refers to does not govern SEH's duty to review plat submissions. As Peter Carlson of SEH testirted, this duty to review plat submissions was not part of the written contract between the City and SEH because "it's so interwoven in all of the either discussions with city council or city staff that they wanted the city engineer to review plans". Instead of being part of the 13 N1AY-05-2007 09:19 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 037/043 F-796 about SEl-1's role as City Engineer in general, arguing that Gold Key was not intended to be a beneficiary of SEH performing its general role as City Engineer. As discussed below, as to the specific agreement between the City and SEH that SE-1-1 would conduct an engineering review of the developer's plat submissions for all plats in the City of Albertville, developers in general, and Gold Key specifically as to Prairie Run, were clearly intended to be a beneficiary. The Minnesota Supreme Court, in setting forth criteria for the recognition of third -party beneficiary rights, has adopted the "intended beneficiary" approach outlined in the Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 302 (1979). Crerex Companies v. Constuction Leaders, 342 N.W.2d 135, 139 (Minn. 1984). A third party may recover as an intended beneficiary by satisfying either the "intent to benefit" or "duty owed" test. Id. Gold Key meets the intended beneficiary approach set forth in Cretex Companies v. Construction Leaders, 342, N.W M 135 (Minn. 1984), when one examines either the "intent to benefit" or the -duty owed" test. Therefore, SEII's motion for summary judgment must be denied. A. Gold Key Meets the "Intent -to -Benefit" test Gold Key was an intended beneficiary of the contract between SEH and the City, which required SEH to review the engineering aspects of a developer's plat submissions. To establish an intent to benefit, the contract must express some intent by the parties to benefit the third party through contractual performance. Crerex. at 138. Any intent to benefit a third party must be found in the contract as read in light of all the circumstances at the time of contracting. Concordia Coll. Corp. v. Salvation Army, 470 N.W.2d 542, 545 (Minn. Ct. App. 1991). When reviewing a contract for the purpose of determining whether a third party has established third - party beneficiary rights, all the circumstances surrounding the contract should be considered. formal, written contract, the review of plat submissions was part of an oral contract, done "at the behest of the city council." (Carlson Depo at 169 - 170). Therefore, the non-bcne Gciary clause that SEH rcl5ers to is nor applicable. 14 N1AY-05-2007 09:20 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 038/043 F-796 The absence of the third party's name does not preclude a finding of an intent to benefit a third party if the circumstances show otherwise. Chard Really, Inc. v. City of Shakopee, 392 N.W.2d 716, 720-21 (Minn- Ct. App. 1986). In this case, the contract between the City and SEH required SEH to review the engineering aspects of the preliminary and final plat submissions [or all plats in the City of Albertville, including grading, drainage and storm sewer plans.' (Carlson Depo at 12, 18-21, 44- 45, 49-50, 69, Kruse Depo at 20-24, 131-132; Sutherland Depo at 60-61, 63, 71-73, 81-83.) SI I-T was expected to review all plat documents, without having to specifically be requested to do so by the City. (Kruse Depo at 21. 86-87; Carlson Depo at 165-166). The City expected that this review by SE11 would be done before preliminary plat approval, but in all cases before final plat approval. (Kruse Depo at 27, 36-37). The City agreed that a developer and developer's engineer could also assume that the review by SEH has been done by the time of final plat approval. (Kruse Depo at 37-40). The purpose of the review by the City Engineer is to be sure the submitted plans complied with City Ordinances and Subdivision Ordinances. (Carlson Depo at 18-21, 153, 160, 163; Moberg Depo at 57-58). The City expects that during the engineering review SEH would catch any errors that may exist in the plans submitted by a developer and its engineer. (Kruse Depo at l 12-113). Without this engineering review by SEH, a developer could not get final plat approval. (Brixius Depo at 19-20). Because the City and SEH clearly intended that a developer would benefit from SEH's engineering review (because the developer could not get final plat approval without the City Engineer's review) there is clearly no genuine issue of ' This duty to review plat submissions was not part of the written contract between the City and SL-I-I because `it's so interwoven in all of die either discussions with city council or city staff that they wanted the city engineer to review plans'. Instead of being part of the formal, written contract, the review of plat submissions was part of an oral contract, done `at the behest of the city council" (Carlson Depo at t69 — 170). 15 MAY-05-2007 09:20 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 039/043 F-796 material fact as to whether Gold Key was an intended beneficiary of the contract between the City and SEH and therefore SEH's motion for summary judgment in its favor must be denied. At a minimuun, there is a question of fact as to whether the contract between SL-`H and the City was intended to benefit Gold Key, since whether the contract intended to benefit a third party is a question of fact. See Julian .Iohnson Const. Corp v. Parranto, 352 N. W.2d 808, 811 (Minn. Ct. App. 1984). Therefore, in any event, SEH's motion for summary judgment must be denied B. Gold Key Meets the Duty Owed Test The second test is the "duty owed" test. Third parties can still recover as intended beneficiaries if there is a duty owed to the beneficiary or the promisee intends that the beneficiary receive a benefit. Concordia Coll. Corp., 470 N.W.2d at 545. To establish a duty owed, the promisor's performance under the contract must discharge a duty otherwise owed the third party by the promisee. Id. In this case, the City owed a duty to Gold Key to review, or have the City Engineer review, various aspects of Gold ICey's plat submissions to determine whether they complied with the City's Ordinances and Subdivision Ordinances. The City's own Ordinances contemplated this review by the City Engineer on behalf of the City. for example: • City Ordinance 11-7-12: "A. Storm Water Pollution Control Plan. A storm water pollution control plan shall be submitted for review and approval by the city engineer for subdivision applications for projects containing five (5) acres or more of land ... C.2_ All calculations and hydrologic models/information used in determining peak flows shall be submitted along with the storm water pollution control plan .... F. Models/Methodologies/Computations' Hydrologic models and design methodologies used for determining runoff characteristics ... shall be approved by the city engineer " • City Ordinance A-500.2: -Preliminary Plat ... The preliminary plat shall contain the information set forth in the subsections which follow: (c)(14) Storm Water Pollution Control Plan. A storm water pollution control plan shall be submitted for review and approval by the City Engineer... 16 MAY-05-2007 09:20 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 040/043 F-796 • City Ordinance 11-4-3: "Final Plat... Upon receipt of the final plat, the city administrator shall refer one copy each to the ... appropriate city staff... 3. The city staff receiving final plat copies shall submit reports through the city administrator to the - city council within fifteen (15) days, expressing their recommendation on the final plat." SET-T's engineering review of the Gold Key's plat submissions, as required by the terms of the contract between the City and SEH, would discharge the City's duty to Gold Key (as set forth in the City's own ordinances). Therefore, under the duty owed test, Gold Key would be a third party beneficiary of the contract between SEH and the City. Minnesota Courts recognize that a third party may be an intended beneficiary of a contract between a municipality and an engineer. See Sota Foods, Inc. v. Larson -Peterson & Associates, Inc., 497 N.W.2d 276 (Minn. Ct. App. 1993) (material facts in dispute prevented resolution of discretionary immunity issue as to both city and engineers in action brought by plaintiff against city and engineers for negligence and breach of contract, as third party beneficiary, in design of sewage treatment facility that lacked capacity to handle discharges form plaintiff's plant). Because Gold Key was clearly owed a duty by SEH, SEH's motion for summary judgment on the basis that Gold Key is not an intended beneficiary must be denied. CONCLUSION Contrary to SEH's assertion, the undisputed facts establish that SEH did owe Gold Key a duty to conduct an engineering review of Gold Key's plat Submissions and that Gold Key was an intended beneficiary of the contract between the City and SEH and therefore SEH's motion for summary judgment as to Gold Key's negligence and breach of contract actions must be denied. 17 N1AY-05-2007 09:20 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 041/043 F-796 JOHNSON, LARSON, PL-TERSON & MATT, P.A. � C J Dated: S~ Sk' By: L� Cindi S. Matt, I.D. # 269359 Attorney for Gold Key Development, Inc. 908 Commercial Drive Buffalo, MN 55313 (763) 682-4350 18 N1AY-05-2007 09:21 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 042/043 F-796 STATE OF MINNESOTA DISTRICT COURT COUNTY OF WRIGHT TENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT CASE TYPE: Declaratory Judgment/Breach of Contract Court File No. 86-CV-06-2998 Gold K-ey vevelopment, Inc., a rvttnnesota corporation, Plaintiff, vs. City of Albertville, DefendanvThird Party Plaintiff, vs. Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc., Third Party Defendant. T/C Homes, Inc, a Minnesota corporation, Plaintiff, Court File No. 86-CV-06-4997 VS. AFFIDAVIT OF CINDI S. MATT Gold Key Development, Inc., a Minnesota corporation Defendant/Third Party Plaintiff, vs. Hedlund Engineering, Third Party Defendant, VS. Ciry of Albertville, Defendants/Third Party Plaintiff, VS. Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc. Third Party Defendant. N1AY-05-2007 09:21 FROM-JOHNSON LARSON PETERSON & MATT PA +7636824465 T-924 P 043/043 F-796 STATE -OF MINNESOTA ) ) ss COUNTY OF WRIGHT ) Cinch S. Man, being first duly sworn on oath, deposes and states as follows: 1. I am an attorney with the law firm of Johnson, Larson, Peterson & Man, P.A., and am the attorney representing Gold Key Development, Inc. ("Gold Key"), in the above captioned matter. I make this Affidavit in Opposition the City of Albertville and Short -Elliott - Hendrickson, Ine.'s Motion for Summary Judgment. 2. Attached hereto as Exhibit A is a true and correct copy of the deposition transcript of Alan Brixius. 3. Attached hereto as Exhibit B is a true and correct copy of the deposition transcript of Michael Couri upon Written Questions. Further your affant sayeih not. Dated: Cindi S. Matt Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of May, 2007. Notary Public